5.5: References
- Page ID
- 69475
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (n.d.) Crime/Law Enforcement Stats (Uniform Crime Reporting Program). Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr
Federal Bureau of Investigation (n.d.) UCR Offense Definition. Retrieved on 8.7.2025 from https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2019/crime-in-the-u.s.-2019/topic-pages/offense-definitions
Federal Bureau of Investigation (n.d.) UCR Publication. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr/publications
Hamann, B., Chauvin, C., Scott, F., Holcomb, M., Simek, P. (2024). Introduction to Criminal Justice. Louis Pressbooks. Retrieved from https://louis.pressbooks.pub/criminaljustice/
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Hassan, S., Surrey, D., Ballantyne, L. (2023). Introduction to Criminology. Open Textbook UMN. Retrieved from https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/1327
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Maynard, M. (2010, April 6). U.S. is seeking a fine of $16.4 million against Toyota. The New York Times, p. A1.
McCarthy, B., & Hagan, J. (2003). Sanction effects, violence, and native North American street youth. In D. F. Hawkins (Ed.), Violent crime: Assessing race and ethnic differences (pp. 117–137). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McKee, A. (2023). Fundamentals of Criminal Justice. Retrieved from https://docmckee.com/cj/criminal-justice-an-overview-of-the-system/
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Meier, R. F., & Geis, G. (2007). Criminal justice and moral issues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Montgomery, L. (2007, April 16). Unpaid taxes tough to recover. The Washington Post, p. A1.
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Peterson, R. D., & Krivo, L. J. (2009). Segregated spatial locations, race-ethnic composition, and neighborhood violent crime. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 623, 93–107.
Rosoff, S. M., Pontell, H. N., & Tillman, R. (2010). Profit without honor: White collar crime and the looting of America (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Shoemaker, D. J. (2010). Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations of delinquent behavior (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Simon, D. R. (2006). Elite deviance. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Stark, R. (1987). Deviant places: A theory of the ecology of crime. Criminology, 25, 893–911.
Storm, L. (n.d.) Introduction to Criminal Law. LibreText. Retrieved from https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law
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University of Minnesota. (2020). Social Problems: Continuity and Change. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Open Textbooks Library. Retrieved from https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci102/
Unnever, J. D., & Gabbidon, S. L. (2011). A theory of African American offending: Race, racism, and crime. New York, NY: Routledge.
Urbina, I. (2010, April 10). No survivors found after West Virginia mine disaster. The New York Times, p. A1.
Vilardo, P. and Wepprecht, M. (n.d.). Introduction to Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World. Retrieved from https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/
Vilardo, P. and Wepprecht, M. (n.d.). Introduction to Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World. Retrieved from https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/
Walker, S., Spohn, C., & DeLone, M. (2012). The color of justice: Race, ethnicity, and crime in America (5th ed.). B

