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11.11: References

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    Alexander, M. (2020). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness (10th anniversary ed.). The New Press.

    Apel, R., & Powell, K. (2019). Level of criminal justice contact and early adult wage inequality. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 35(1), 125-158.

    Armenta, A., & Rosales, R. (2020). Beyond the fear of deportation: Understanding unauthorized immigrants' ambivalence toward the police. American Behavioral Scientist, 64(9), 1350-1369.

    Bach, A. (2019). Prosecuting poverty, criminalizing care. Cambridge University Press.

    Baumgartner, F. R., Epp, D. A., & Shoub, K. (2018). Suspect citizens: What 20 million traffic stops tell us about policing and race. Cambridge University Press.

    Beck, A. J., Berzofsky, M., Caspar, R., & Krebs, C. (2018). Sexual victimization in prisons and jails reported by inmates, 2011-12: Update. U.S. Department of Justice.

    Beckett, K., Nyrop, K., & Pfingst, L. (2018). Race, drugs, and policing: Understanding disparities in drug delivery arrests. Criminology, 44(1), 105-137.

    Bird, M., Lofstrom, M., Martin, B., Raphael, S., & Nguyen, V. (2020). The impact of Proposition 47 on crime and recidivism. Public Policy Institute of California.

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    Carlson, B. E. (2019). Community-based alternatives to incarceration for pregnant women: A feasibility study. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(3), 252-267.

    Carpenter, C. S., Eppink, S. T., & Gonzales, G. (2020). Transgender status, gender identity, and socioeconomic outcomes. ILR Review, 73(3), 573-599.

    Choi, S. K., Wilson, B. D., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. (2019). Serving our youth 2015: The needs and experiences of LGBTQ youth experiencing homelessness. The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund.

    Clay-Warner, J., & Burt, C. H. (2018). Rape reporting after reforms: Have times really changed? Violence Against Women, 11(2), 150-176.

    Clear, T. R. (2018). Imprisoning communities: How mass incarceration makes disadvantaged neighborhoods worse. Oxford University Press.

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    Daly, K. (2018). Gender, crime, and punishment. Yale University Press.

    Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An introduction (3rd ed.). NYU Press.

    Desmond, S. A., Soper, S. E., & Purpura, A. M. (2020). Alcohol, drugs, and DUI: Examining racial/ethnic disparities in DUI arrest. Justice Quarterly, 37(2), 186-212.

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    Ehret, P. J., Ghetti, S., & Lyons, K. E. (2020). Racial disproportionality in California's Three Strikes sentencing law. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 24(1), 91-122.

    Embry, R., & Lyons, P. M. (2018). Sex-based sentencing: Sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders. Feminist Criminology, 7(2), 146-162.

    Emmer, P., Lowe, A., & Marshall, R. (2019). This is a prison, glitter is not allowed: Experiences of trans and gender variant people in Pennsylvania's prison systems. Black and Pink & Pennsylvania Institutional Law Project.

    Fagan, J., & Geller, A. (2018). Following the script: Narratives of suspicion in Terry stops in street policing. University of Chicago Law Review, 82(1), 51-88.

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    Garvey, T., Yeh, B. T., & Sacco, L. N. (2021). State marijuana legalization initiatives: Implications for federal law enforcement. Congressional Research Service.

    Ghandnoosh, N. (2022). Race and punishment: Racial perceptions of crime and support for punitive policies. The Sentencing Project.

    Goel, S., Rao, J. M., & Shroff, R. (2020). Precinct or prejudice? Understanding racial disparities in New York City's stop-and-frisk policy. Annals of Applied Statistics, 10(1), 365-394.

    Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., & Tanis, J. (2018). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.

    Harris, A. (2020). A pound of flesh: Monetary sanctions as punishment for the poor. Russell Sage Foundation.

    Hartney, C., & Vuong, L. (2019). Created equal: Racial and ethnic disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system. National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

    Heaton, P., Mayson, S., & Stevenson, M. (2020). The downstream consequences of misdemeanor pretrial detention. Stanford Law Review, 69(3), 711-794.

    Hing, J., Hou, J., & Lee, C. (2021). Invisible model minority: Understanding incarceration patterns among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Asian American Justice Center.

    Hirschel, D., & Deveau, C. (2020). A study of arrest policies and their effects in domestic violence cases. Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(2), 73-82.

    Hockenberry, S., & Puzzanchera, C. (2020). Juvenile court statistics 2018. National Center for Juvenile Justice.

    James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2019). The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality.

    Johnson, S. B., Blum, R. W., & Giedd, J. N. (2019). Adolescent maturity and the brain: The promise and pitfalls of neuroscience research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(3), 216-221.

    Krivo, L. J., & Peterson, R. D. (2018). Disadvantage and neighborhood violent crime: Do local institutions matter? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(2), 142-164.

    Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2019). Homicide: A spatial analysis. Justice Quarterly, 20(3), 423-453.

    Laub, J. H., & Sampson, R. J. (2020). Shared beginnings, divergent lives: Delinquent boys to age 70. Harvard University Press.

    Lauritsen, J. L., & Rezey, M. L. (2018). Measuring the prevalence of crime with the National Crime Victimization Survey. Bureau of Justice Statistics.

    Lauritsen, J. L., Heimer, K., & Lynch, J. P. (2019). Trends in the gender gap in violent offending: New evidence. Criminology, 47(2), 361-399.

    Lofstrom, M., & Martin, B. (2021). Public safety realignment: Impacts so far. Public Policy Institute of California.

    Lofstrom, M., & Raphael, S. (2019). Realignment, incarceration, and crime trends in California. Public Policy Institute of California.

    Lofstrom, M., Martin, B., & Hayes, J. (2019). California's fiscal outlook: The role of the prison population. Public Policy Institute of California.

    Lopez, M. H., & Light, M. T. (2019). A rising share: Hispanics and federal crime. Pew Research Center.

    Males, M. (2020). California's correctional crisis: The failure of mass incarceration. Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice.

    Mallory, C., Sears, B., Hasenbush, A., & Susman, A. (2021). Ensuring access to gender-affirming care for transgender prisoners. UCLA Williams Institute.

    Maxson, C. L., & Matsuda, K. N. (2019). Understanding gangs in the 21st century: An integrated approach. In The Oxford handbook of ethnicity, crime, and immigration (pp. 428-450). Oxford University Press.

    Menjívar, C., & Abrego, L. J. (2019). Legal violence in the lives of immigrants. In Extreme punishment (pp. 240-262). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Messina, N., & Grella, C. E. (2020). Childhood trauma and women's health outcomes in a California prison population. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), 1842-1848.

    Messina, N., Calhoun, S., & Braithwaite, J. (2020). Methamphetamine use and criminality among women in rural California counties. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9(1), 1-10.

    Meyer, I. H., Flores, A. R., Stemple, L., Romero, A. P., Wilson, B. D., & Herman, J. L. (2018). Incarceration rates and traits of sexual minorities in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), 267-273.

    Meyer, I. H., Wilson, B. D., & O'Neill, K. (2020). LGBTQ people in the US: Select findings from the Generations and TransPop Studies. UCLA Williams Institute.

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    Peterson, R. D., & Krivo, L. J. (2019). Divergent social worlds: Neighborhood crime and the racial-spatial divide. Russell Sage Foundation.

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    Steinberg, L., Chung, H. L., & Little, M. (2021). Reentry of young offenders from the justice system: A developmental perspective. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(1), 21-38.

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    Wilson, B. D., & Meyer, I. H. (2021). Nonbinary LGBTQ adults in the United States. UCLA School of Law, Williams Institute.

    Wilson, B. D., Jordan, S. P., Meyer, I. H., Flores, A. R., Stemple, L., & Herman, J. L. (2020). Disproportionality and disparities among sexual minority youth in custody. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(7), 1547-1561.

    Woods, J. B., Galvan, F. H., Bazargan, M., Herman, J. L., & Chen, Y. T. (2019). Latina transgender women's interactions with law enforcement in Los Angeles County. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 7(4), 379-391.

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