10: Perjury, Bribes, Witness Intimidation, Criminal Threats, Hate Crimes, Terrorism Through Symbols, and Harassing Phone Calls
- Page ID
- 69137
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- Distinguish between the crime of bribery and the crime of gratuity.
- Identify the crime of perjury from a provided scenario.
- Recognize the crime of witness intimidation.
- Examine the crime of criminal threats.
- Recite the Corpus Delicti of hate crime.
- Summarize the crime of terrorism through symbols.
- Understand the crime of harassing phone calls.
- 10.1: Bribery
- This page provides an overview of California's bribery laws under Penal Code sections 67 and 68, including definitions, penalties for offering and accepting bribes, and the effects on public office eligibility. It contrasts bribery with extortion and discusses historical and modern interpretations applicable to various roles. An example emphasizes the importance of intent in proving bribery.
- 10.2: Gratuity
- This page discusses California Penal Code Section 70, which forbids public officials from accepting gifts or rewards in exchange for their official duties without legal authorization. It highlights the ethical dilemmas posed by gratuities, particularly in law enforcement. Minor gifts may lead to corruption over time, raising concerns about ethics and integrity.
- 10.3: Perjury
- This page discusses perjury as defined by California Penal Code section 118, highlighting that it involves knowingly making false statements under oath. A conviction for perjury cannot rely solely on one individual's testimony against the defendant. The importance of witness testimony has shaped laws against perjury since the sixteenth century. Currently, all states and the federal government outlaw perjury, emphasizing the necessity of intent to deceive.
- 10.4: Witness Intimidation
- This page outlines witness intimidation under California Penal Code Section 136.1, detailing the offenses and penalties for obstructing witness participation in legal proceedings. It recounts the case of William Ruehle, in which the prosecution's alleged witness intimidation led to the case's dismissal by Judge Cormac J. Carney, who condemned the government's actions. The summary emphasizes the necessity of fair legal proceedings and the risks of judicial errors in achieving justice.
- 10.5: Criminal Threats
- This page explains the crime of criminal threats under California Penal Code Section 422, detailing the elements required for a threat to qualify, such as willfulness and intent to induce fear. It covers the forms threats can take—verbal, written, or electronic—and clarifies that even non-acting threats are punishable. Penalties involve up to one year in jail or state prison, and "immediate family" is defined to include various relatives and household members.
- 10.6: Hate Crimes
- This page covers definitions and legal aspects of hate crimes, terrorism through symbols, and harassing phone calls under California Penal Code. It defines hate crimes as motivated by characteristics like race and religion, explains terrorism through symbols such as the Nazi swastika, and describes harassing calls involving threats. Penalties include imprisonment and fines, highlighting the balance between constitutional rights and public safety.
- 10.7: Chapter Summary
- This page covers legal concepts associated with crimes, including bribery, perjury, witness intimidation, and hate speech. It clarifies the difference between bribery and gratuity, details perjury, and outlines the nature of witness intimidation and criminal threats. The section on hate speech emphasizes its ambiguities and the risk it poses to marginalized groups, advocating for free speech as a means to uphold equality rather than policing through censorship.