Common Unit Conversions for Irrigation
- Page ID
- 44296
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Length Units
1 km (kilometer) = 0.6214 mi (miles)
1 mi = 1.609 km
1 km = 1,000 m (meters)
1 mi = 5,280 ft (feet)
1 m = 3.281 ft
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 m = 100 cm (centimeters)
1 ft = 12 in (inches)
1 in = 2.54 cm
Area Units
1 ha (hectare) = 10,000 m2
1 ha = 2.471 ac (acres)
1 ac = 0.4047 ha
1 ac = 43,560 ft2
Volume Units
1 L (liter) = 0.2642 gal (gallons)
1 gal = 3.785 L
1 m3 = 1,000 L
1 m3 = 264.2 gal
1 ft3 = 7.481 gal
1 m3 = 35.31 ft3
1 ft3 = 0.02832 m3
1 ac-ft (covers 1 acre with 1 foot of water) = 1,233 m3
1 ac-ft = 325,851 gal
1 ac-in (acre-inch) = 27,154 gal
1 ha-cm (hectare-centimeter) = 100 m3
1 ac-in = 1.028 ha-cm (1 for practical purposes)
1 bu (bushel) = 35.24 L
1 bu = 9.309 gal
Flow Units
1 L/s (liter/second) = 15.85 gpm (gallons/minute)
1 gpm = 0.06309 L/s
1 cms (m3 /s) = 1,000 L/s
1 cms = 35.31 cfs (ft3 /s)
1 cfs = 448.8 gpm (450 for practical purposes)
1 cfs = 0.02832 cms
1 ac-in/hr = 1.008 cfs (1 for practical purposes)
1 ac-in/hr = 452.6 gpm (450 for practical purposes)
Weight and Mass Units
1 t (metric ton) = 1,000 kg (kilograms)
1 T (U.S. ton) = 2,000 lb (pounds)
1 t = 1.102 T
1T = 0.9072 t
1 kg = 2.205 lb
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
Pressure Units
1 atm (atmosphere) = 101.3 kPa (kilopascal)
1 bar = 100 kPa
1 bar = 0.9869 atm (1 for practical purposes)
1 kPa = 0.1450 psi (pounds per square inch)
1 psi = 6.895 kPa
1 m (meter of water head) = 9.804 kPa
1 ft (foot of water head) = 0.4335 psi
1 kPa = 0.3346 ft = 0.1020 m (0.1 for practical purposes)
1 psi = 2.307 ft = 0.7032 m (0.7 for practical purposes)
Crop Yield Units
Rice, cotton, alfalfa, and similar crops
1 lb/ac (lb dry weight/ac) = 1.121 kg/ha (kg dry mass/ha)
1 kg/ha = 0.8922 lb/ac
1 T/ac (T dry weight/ac) = 2.242 t/ha (t dry mass/ha)
1 t/ha = 0.4461 T/ac
Tree fruit, grapes, vegetables, and similar crops
1 lb/ac (lb wet weight/ac) = 1.121 kg/ha (kg wet mass/ha)
1 T/ac (T wet weight/ac) = 2.242 t/ha (t wet mass/ha)
Maize/corn[a]
1 bu/ac (bushel/ac) = 0.0530 t/ha (t dry mass/ha)
1 t/ha = 18.9 bu/ac
Soybean[a]
1 bu/ac = 0.0585 t/ha (t dry mass/ha)
1 t/ha = 17.1 bu/ac
[a] The unit of bu/ac is volume per area. The volume (bu) is calculated using the wet weight of the grain, a wet bulk density of 56 lb/bu (maize) or 60 lb/bu (soybean), and an assumed grain moisture content (wet basis) of 15.5% (maize) or 13% (soybean).
Temperature Conversions (C to F)
| ºC | ºF |
|---|---|
| 0 | 32 |
| 5 | 41 |
| 10 | 50 |
| 15 | 59 |
| 20 | 68 |
| 25 | 77 |
| 30 | 86 |
| 35 | 95 |
| 40 | 104 |
Temperature Conversions (F to C)
| ºF | ºC |
|---|---|
| 30 | -1 |
| 40 | 4 |
| 50 | 10 |
| 60 | 16 |
| 70 | 21 |
| 80 | 27 |
| 90 | 32 |
| 100 | 38 |
| 110 | 43 |
US Public Land Survey System
1 square mile is divided into four quadrants of 160 acres. One quadrant is watered with an End Gun sprinkler system, and one is watered by a Swing Boom Corner system. The Swing Boom irrigates an additional 20 acres.

