6.3: Ripping and Crosscutting
- Page ID
- 67192
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6.3 Ripping and Crosscutting
Ripping and crosscutting are two of the most fundamental table-saw operations.
The terms describe the relationship between the cut and the grain direction.
Understanding the difference also tells you which machine guide should be used.
Learning Outcomes
After completing this section, you should be able to:
- Explain the difference between ripping and crosscutting.
- Select the appropriate table-saw guide for each operation.
- Explain why a straight reference edge is required for ripping.
- Describe a basic sequence for preparing picture-frame stock.
- Explain why repeated parts should be machined together when practical.
Ripping
A rip cut runs generally in the same direction as the grain.
The rip fence guides the workpiece.
For an accurate rip cut, the edge against the fence must already be:
- straight; and
- suitable as a reference surface.
This is why lumber is jointed before ripping.
If a crooked edge is placed against the fence, the board may move unpredictably during the cut.
Rip to Width
When preparing frame stock, ripping establishes the width of the frame members.
Your instructor will have the definitive parameters for the frame project, but generally, frame parts should be no wider than 2 1/2 inches.
The actual width depends on:
- the size of the artwork;
- the proportions of the finished frame; and
- the design you choose.
A small picture usually does not need a massive frame.
Keep the proportions appropriate to what you are framing.
Crosscutting
A crosscut runs across the grain.
On the table saw, crosscuts are made using:
- a crosscut sled; or
- a miter gauge.
The rip fence is not used in the normal way to guide a crosscut because the offcut can become trapped between the fence and blade.
If a fence is used as part of a repeated-length setup, your instructor will demonstrate the required clearance-block method.
Square One End First
Before cutting a part to final length:
- Square one end.
- Measure from that reference end.
- Cut the opposite end to final length.
This is the same reference-surface logic used during lumber milling.
Do not measure final length from an end that has not been squared.
Prepare Matching Parts Together
A picture frame contains pairs of matching parts.
When practical:
- mill all frame stock to the same thickness together;
- rip matching pieces at the same fence setting; and
- use consistent setups for repeated cuts.
This reduces unnecessary variation between parts.
Keep the Project Manageable
The dimensions of the frame depend on what you are framing.
There is no single required length and width.
However, keep the project reasonably small.
A smaller frame:
- requires less material;
- is easier to machine;
- is easier to glue accurately;
- requires less sanding; and
- is more likely to be completed carefully within the available class time.
The goal is to learn the processes—not to make the largest frame possible.
Check Yourself
- What is the difference between ripping and crosscutting?
- What guides a rip cut?
- Why must the edge against the rip fence be straight?
- What guides a crosscut?
- Why should one end be squared before measuring final length?
- Why is keeping the picture frame reasonably small a good idea?