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1.1: Criminal Justice Review of Police Systems (Part 1)

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    • 1.1.1: Policing in Ancient Times
      This page explores the evolution of policing from ancient kin-based systems to modern practices, referencing essential historical laws like the Code of Hammurabi and Mosaic Law. It details the shift towards formal policing initiated by leaders such as Peisistratus and Augustus Caesar, leading to the establishment of dedicated forces to address crime.
    • 1.1.2: Sir Robert Peel
      This page outlines the impact of 19th-century England on American policing, particularly through Sir Robert Peel's contributions. It details Peel's Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, which established the first organized police force and initiated policing reform. The page also discusses the Peelian Principles, which emphasize organization, government oversight, efficiency, and community engagement, serving as foundational standards for contemporary policing practices.
    • 1.1.3: Policing Eras
      This page covers the evolution of policing through distinct eras: the Political Era, which faced urbanization and civil rights issues; the Reform Era, characterized by professionalism and science under Chief Vollmer; and the Community Era, focused on citizen collaboration. It also introduces the Homeland Security Era post-9/11, highlighting changes in public safety, the importance of agency communication, and lasting impacts on training and policies for effective crime control.
    • 1.1.4: Levels of Policing and Role of Police
      This page highlights diverse career options in policing and law enforcement, detailing educational requirements for various positions within federal, state, county, and municipal agencies. It distinguishes between commissioned officers with training and arrest powers and civilian roles, emphasizing pathways to specialization, such as becoming homicide detectives.
    • 1.1.5: Recruitment and Hiring in Policing
      This page focuses on the law enforcement hiring process, detailing the preparation required through rigorous study, various tests (written, oral, and physical), and background checks to assess candidates' integrity. It highlights the importance of honesty during these evaluations, including psychological assessments and interviews with department leaders.
    • 1.1.6: Recruitment and Hiring Websites for Future Careers
      This page outlines past drug use policies for individuals pursuing careers in law enforcement, focusing on agencies such as the FBI, CIA, Secret Service, DEA, and local police departments. It stresses the importance of understanding these policies to improve eligibility for positions in law enforcement and provides links to recruitment websites for further details on specific roles and requirements.
    • 1.1.7: Police Misconduct, Accountability, and Corruption
      This page examines police misconduct and accountability, detailing corruption types like 'grass eaters' and 'meat eaters'. It introduces noble-cause corruption, where officers compromise rules for public safety. The importance of a strong internal affairs division for accountability is highlighted, alongside challenges in assessing excessive force. The text advocates for ethical conduct and prompt responses to any corruption in law enforcement.
    • 1.1.8: Criminal Justice Review of Police Systems (Part 2)
      This page addresses contemporary challenges in 21st-century policing, emphasizing police shootings, use of force, stereotypes, and the need for accountability. It underscores public demands for transparency following officer-involved incidents and the often inadequate responses from police departments.

    1.1: Criminal Justice Review of Police Systems (Part 1) is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.