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5.10: Primary Key

  • Page ID
    14808
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    Learning Objectives

    • Discuss the importance of primary key uniqueness
    • Choose a primary key

    Every table must have a primary key—a field with a unique value for each record. Otherwise there would be no way to distinguish between records. A primary key consists of one or more fields that uniquely identify each record that you store in the table. Often, there is a unique identification number, such as an ID number, a serial number, or a code, that serves as a primary key.

    For example, you might have a Customers table where each customer has a unique customer ID number. The customer ID field is the primary key of the Customers table. When a primary key contains more than one field, it is usually composed of pre-existing fields that, taken together, provide unique values. For example, you might use a combination of last name, first name, and birth date as the primary key for a table about people.

    Choosing a Primary Key

    Without the ProductID field, another field would be needed to uniquely identify each product in the database. Without a strong primary key, the database engine would be at a loss to perform basic operations on the table properly.

    Good primary keys must:

    • Uniquely identify each record,
    • Not be null,
    • Exist when the record is created,
    • Must remain stable,
    • Be simple and contain as few attributes as possible.

    Contributors and Attributions

    CC licensed content, Original
    • Primary Key. Authored by: Robert Danielson. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution

    5.10: Primary Key is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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