8.5: Review Questions

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. What equation best represents the relationships between hazard and risk?
(a) Hazard / Exposure = Risk
(b) Hazard + Exposure = Risk
(c) Hazard × Exposure = Risk
(d) Hazard = Exposure - Risk

2. Which of the following is an example of a biological hazard?
(a) Noise exposure
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Mold and animal waste
(d) Slippery flooring

3. Slips, trips, and falls are classified under which type of hazard?
(a) Biological hazard
(b) Ergonomic hazard
(c) Physical hazard
(d) Chemical hazard

4. Which of the following is not considered a chemical route of entry into the body?
(a) Absorption through skin
(b) Inhalation through lungs
(c) Injection by sharp instruments
(d) Reflection from surfaces

5. Why cannot workers rely on their sense of smell to detect hazardous chemicals?
(a) Because masks always block the smell
(b) Because some chemicals are odorless, or harmful levels may be undetectable
(c) Because all chemicals have the same odor
(d) Because OSHA regulations forbid it

6. What is an asphyxiant?
(a) A chemical that irritates the skin
(b) A vapor or gas that reduces oxygen levels, causing suffocation
(c) A compound that reacts with metals
(d) A biological toxin from plants

7. Which section of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) includes first-aid measures?
(a) Section 2
(b) Section 4
(c) Section 6
(d) Section 9

8. When are employers required to provide personal protective equipment (PPE)?
(a) When engineering and work practice controls are not feasible or sufficient
(b) Only during annual inspections
(c) Only if employees request it
(d) When hazards can be controlled by administrative measures alone

9. Which of the following is an example of a physical hazard?
(a) Noise
(b) Viruses
(c) Disinfectant chemicals
(d) Ergonomic strain

10. What is the main focus of ergonomics?
(a) Increasing the speed of work regardless of safety
(b) Designing jobs to fit workers for safety, comfort, and efficiency
(c) Encouraging workers to adapt to difficult tasks
(d) Reducing company expenses

11. Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include all of the following EXCEPT:
(a) Tingling
(b) Drowsiness
(c) Burning sensation
(d) Improved grip strength

12. Which of the following is NOT listed as an ergonomic risk factor?
(a) Vibration
(b) Extreme temperature
(c) Noise
(d) Proper posture

13. An example of an engineering improvement to reduce ergonomic hazards is:
(a) Providing variety in job tasks
(b) Using gloves and protective footwear
(c) Installing adjustable seats or footstools
(d) Encouraging workers to exercise after work

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the required elements of OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?
(a) Labels on containers of hazardous chemicals
(b) Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
(c) Written hazard communication program
(d) Annual OSHA certification exams for workers

15. What should employers do if they do not automatically receive a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) from a supplier?
(a) Ignore it if the chemical seems safe
(b) Create their own SDS
(c) Request one from the supplier
(d) Use labels instead of SDSs

16. What is the purpose of a written hazard communication program?
(a) To eliminate all hazardous chemicals from the workplace
(b) To systematically address labeling, SDSs, and training requirements
(c) To replace labels and SDSs with verbal instructions
(d) To act as an optional guideline for employers

True/False Questions

17. True/False: Hazard and risk are the same concept and can be used interchangeably.
18. True/False: Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, and fungi that can cause disease.
19. True/False: Some dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, are odorless and cannot be detected by smell.
20. True/False: Employees are responsible for properly wearing PPE and reporting when it needs repair or replacement.
21. True/False: Confined spaces in construction sites may present physical hazards such as slippery surfaces and obstructions.
22. True/False: Enviromechanical hazards include poor workstation design and unsafe flooring.
23. True/False: Ergonomics is about forcing workers to adapt to the job rather than fitting the job to the worker.
24. True/False: Fatigue, discomfort, and pain can be early warning signs of musculoskeletal disorders.
25. True/False: Administrative improvements include modifying tools and redesigning equipment.
26. True/False: Employers are required to have a written hazard communication program under OSHA’s HCS.
27. True/False: Workers must be trained in a manner and language they can understand.
28. True/False: The hazard communication program should be reviewed and updated periodically, even though the HCS does not require formal reassessment.
29. True/False: Labels on hazardous chemical containers are optional as long as SDSs are available.
30. True/False: Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) must only be kept in electronic format, and no backup is required.

Answer Key: 1(c), 2(c), 3(c), 4(d), 5(b), 6(b), 7(b), 8(a), 9(a), 10(b), 11(d), 12(d), 13(c), 14(d), 15(c), 16(b), 17(False), 18(True), 19(True), 20(True), 21(True), 22(True), 23(False), 24(True), 25(False), 26(True), 27(True), 28(True), 29(False), 30(False).

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