5.8: State

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State

There is at least one of primary law enforcement agency in each of the 50 states. In many of the states several agencies exist such as a state police agency, a highway patrol agency, or a department of public safety or some combination. State police do not have as lengthy a history as the other forms of police since they were legislatively created due to the use of automobiles in conducting crimes and then trying to get away. The Texas Rangers are the oldest state law enforcement agency in North Dakota and we discussed them in the previous chapter. In general, the jurisdiction of state police are the state to boundaries and they perform most functions outside the jurisdiction of major cities and county sheriff that focuses on enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstates as well as providing backup to local level and county level law enforcement and providing security at their state capital. In addition to patrol and traffic functions many states have a state level investigation agency or are in charge of training for officers throughout the state.

Nationwide the 50 primary state law enforcement agencies had over 93,000 full-time employees including about 61,000 full-time sworn personnel with the rest being civilian employees. Many law enforcement agencies at the state level are working on encouraging women and minority recruitment and retention. Presently, state level law enforcement is approximately 87% Caucasian, 7.5% African-American, 4.4% Hispanic, and 1% other, with less than 5% being women. Depending on the position, the average starting salary is around $37,000. Approximately 18% of the agencies require some college, 12% require a two-year degree, and 2% require a four-year degree for entry-level positions.

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