4.1: A. Types and Definitions
- Page ID
- 47618
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Image 4.1
We often hear about stalking when it happens to celebrities, but stalking can happen to anyone.
Before sharing definitions with students, ask them to write their own definitions either individually or as a group. Then provide them with the definitions in this module and have them compare. What did they include, exclude? How difficult was it to write a definition? Discuss any issues that arise during the comparison.
According to North Dakota Stalking Law, to "stalk" means to engage in an intentional course of conduct directed at a specific person which frightens, intimidates, or harasses that person, and which serves no legitimate purpose. The course of conduct must be such as would cause a reasonable person to experience fear, intimidation, or harassment.
Such behavior might include following an individual, leaving notes, or making harassing phone calls, mailing, e-mailing, spying, showing up at the person's place of work, leaving objects for the person, and/or vandalizing property of the individual - all on a repeated basis. Often the actions will quickly escalate. The stalker’s actions may be motivated by an intense affection for, or an extreme dislike of, the victim. As with the other forms of victimization discussed in this module, the offender is obsessed with controlling the victim’s actions and feelings.
Stalking can happen to anyone. It is not always limited to the victims, as the problem can extend to other family members and third parties. The majority of stalking occurs between people who have known each other intimately. Domestic violence stalkers as a category constitute the most dangerous and potentially lethal group of stalkers (CVIC Stalking).
Video 4.1 Dr. Wendelin Hume being Interview at Studio 1 at University of North Dakota https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APSLCAxwWPc
Similar to off‑line stalking, the majority of victims are women, and the majority of perpetrators are men; however, there are some differences between on‑line stalking and off‑line stalking:
1. In on‑line stalking, geography does not matter. The stalker could be the person next door or live across an ocean.
2. Cyberstalkers can also get other stalkers to join in on the assault by posting messages about the victim.
3. It is sometimes difficult to identify the stalker on e‑mail because they can send messages under other people's accounts, anonymously, or with an alias (University of Minnesota, Cyberstalking).
The following are suggestions if you find that you are being cyberstalked:
- Send the stalker a "clear warning" that asks the perpetrator to stop all communication. Under no circumstances communicate with the stalker after this.
- File a complaint with the stalker's Internet service provider as well as your own service provider.
- Collect all evidence and document all contact made by the stalker. Save email postings, or other communications, and print them out. Record dates and times of any contact with the stalker.
- Consider changing your email address, your Internet service provider, and your home phone number.
- Contact online directory listings and tell them to remove you from their directories.
- File a report with local law enforcement and ask what charges can be pursued (University of Minnesota, Cyberstalking).
- Some victims have found it helpful to "out" the stalker if the perpetrator is part of an online community, such as in a chatroom or on a listserv.