1.7: End of Chapter Resources
- Page ID
- 38189
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)End of Chapter Summary
- Chapter 1 introduces the worldwide presence of information systems in daily life by emphasizing their impact on various activities and their strategic importance for businesses.
- It defines information systems as interrelated components facilitating data collection, processing, storage, and distribution in organizations.
- Components include technology (hardware, software, data), networking communication, people, an processes.
- The five major components—technology (hardware, software, data), networking communication, people, and process—are explored, with technology detailed in subsequent chapters.
- The evolution of information systems, from the mainframe era to the post-PC world, highlights key milestones such as the PC revolution, client-server architecture, and the rise of the internet, the World Wide Web, and e-commerce.
- The chapter addresses the question of whether information systems bring competitive advantage, referencing Nicholas Carr's argument in "Does IT Matter?" and illustrating success with Walmart's innovative use of information systems.
- The concluding emphasis is on understanding information system components for organizational competitiveness, setting the stage for further exploration in the book.
Chapter Key Terms
Advanced Research Projects Administration (ARPA): an experimental network that eventually became known as the Internet.
Application Software: allows the user to perform tasks such as creating documents, recording data in spreadsheets, or messaging a friend.
Cloud Computing: the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
Data (computers): data is any sequence of one or more symbols.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): an application with a centralized database that can be used to run a company’s entire business.
Hardware: includes the physical parts of the computer, such as the case, central processing unit, random access memory, monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers, and motherboard.
Information Security: the state of being protected against the unauthorized use of information, especially electronic data.
Information Systems (IS): is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. (Examples are laptops, databases, networks, and smartphones.)
Information Technology (IT): Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization.
Intangible: unable to touch or grasp; not having a physical presence.
Internet of Things (IoT): refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity that allows them to collect and share data. (Examples are connected appliances, smart home security systems, wearable health monitors, and autonomous farming equipment.)
Local Area Network (LAN): a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.
Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP): refers to an information system that is used by businesses involved in manufacturing goods. MRP systems focus on materials management.
Network: A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that enables multiple computers to share resources.
Operating Systems: is software that provides the interface between the hardware and the application software. (Examples are personal computer include Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu Linux.)
People: refers to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware system. (Examples are individual people, teams of people, business innovators and end users.
Process: A series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal.
Software: is a collection of instructions, data, and programs that enable to user to interact with a computer, its hardware, pr perform tasks. Software can be classified into three main categories: system software, application software, and programming software. (Examples are internet browser software, word processing software, spreadsheet software, and programming software.)
Tangible: Physical objects
World Wide Web: a collection of webpages and other web resources that are linked by hyperlinks and can be accessed over the internet.
Chapter Discussion Topics
- Reflect on your daily life: Have you ever used your mobile device for work-related task? What about activities like listening to audiobooks or using music streaming services? Describe your typical technology usage in a day.
- Envision starting a business: Discuss how information technology could (a) aid in finding and researching a business idea, (b) assist in formulating a business plan, and (c) contribute to enhancing the overall business.
- Explore careers with computers: What are the five most common computing disciplines when we think about professions related to computers?
- Differentiate between information technology and information systems.