8.4: Types of AI
- Page ID
- 38316
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)AI systems are different from humans and machines, and the degree of variation helps in classifying the different types of AI. AI can be classified based on ability, and functionality. There are three categories of AI based on ability: narrow AI, general AI and super AI.
8.4.1 Types of AI: Based on Ability
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Artificial Narrow Intelligence (A.N.I) |
A form of weak, Al refers to computer's ability to perform a single task well. This is the type of Al we see today. Natural language processing used in smart assistants like Siri and Google are examples of narrow Al. |
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Artificial General Intelligence (A.G.I) |
A form of strong Al that mimics human intelligence. It means that machines have the ability to apply what they have learned across different tasks, take in new information, and apply reason. |
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Artificial Super Intelligence (A.S.I) |
A form of supernatural Al that exceeds human capabilities. |
Despite having developed complex machines and applications such as Siri, Alexa, or other virtual assistants, all AI systems that currently exist are classified as A.N.I. According to a general consensus among researchers, A.G.I and A.S.I are still decades away.[1]
Example: Chatbots
Chat-bots and/or virtual assistants (i.e. Siri, and Alexa) are computer programs that use AI and natural language processing (NLP) to understand customer questions and automate responses to them, simulating human conversation.[2] These bots are cloud-based and able to gather information, such as user preferences or browsing history, to provide solutions that are specific to each individual. Chat-bots improve the individual customer experience as the Cloud is able to provide personalized and relevant information.
In the hospitality industry, Best Western in collaboration with IBM Watson Advertising managed to use AI and NLP to create a more personalized customer experience for those looking to book Best Western hotels for their holidays. Specifically, “Conversations”, an AI-powered advertising model from IBM, was used to provide one-on-one connections and recommend options based on the user’s intent.[3] For example, Conversations was able to provide users with ads containing information on their destination, and other tips and tricks!
8.4.2 Types of AI: Based on Functionality
AI can also be categorized based on functionality: reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-awareness.
Categories of Artificial Intelligence Based on functionality include reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind and self awareness
| Reactive Machines | Al that conducts task for specific, objectives. It is the first step of any AI system where no learning takes place. An example of this type of Al is deep Blue the IBM program that beat chess champions Garry Kasparow. |
| Limited Memory | is the anility of Al to use past experience and information to make predictions. |
| Theory of Mind | Al with the awareness that others have their own beliefs, objectives and intentions.This type of AI is not yet developed and will be able to distinguish and understand emotion. |
| Self- Aware | Al with the sense of self and consciousness. This type of AI is not yet developed |
Section Attributions
- Dilmegani, C. (2021, Aug 11). Will AI REACH singularity By 2060? 995 experts' opinions on AGI,” AIMultiple, 19-Jun-2021. https://research.aimultiple.com/artificial-general-intelligence-singularity-timing/ ↵
- Ibm.com. (n.d.) What is a chatbot? https://www.ibm.com/topics/chatbots ↵
Ibm.com. (2021). IBM Watson Advertising Conversations - Overview.
https://www.ibm.com/products/watson-advertising-conversations ↵