2: Criminal Process Overview
- Page ID
- 35578
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 2.1: Overview, Objectives, and Key Terms
- This page examines the structure and foundations of criminal court processes, focusing on due process, fairness, and equal justice across local, state, and federal levels. It introduces the rights of the accused and sets the stage for deeper analysis of due process concepts. Key learning objectives include understanding the American dual court system, the roles of different courts, and outlining the steps in the criminal court process and the rights afforded to defendants.
- 2.2: Critical Thinking
- This page discusses the handling of criminal cases primarily at the state and local levels due to state-defined laws. It outlines the constitutional limits on federal power and the roles of grand juries and preliminary hearings as checks on prosecutorial authority, noting their differences—grand juries operate secretly for felonies, while preliminary hearings are public and allow judicial evidence review.
- 2.3: Criminal Justice in the United States- A Primer
- This page examines the structure and principles of criminal law and procedure in the U.S., detailing the distinctions between state and federal systems. It outlines how state laws are created by legislatures and enforced locally, while federal laws originate in Congress and are enforced by federal agencies, covering specific crimes, defenses, and the criminal process from arrest to release.
- 2.4: The United States Court System- A Dual Court System
- This page provides an overview of the Federal System, detailing the roles of federal law enforcement agencies like the FBI and DEA, and the responsibilities of U.S. attorneys under the DOJ. It discusses the management of federal prisons by the Bureau of Prisons and the decentralized nature of state and local law enforcement, which is overseen by counties and cities, along with district attorneys managing prosecutions and state prisons governed by state correctional departments.
- 2.5: Substantive Criminal Law
- This page discusses American substantive criminal law, highlighting its statutory nature derived from English common law. It notes the absence of common-law crimes in the U.S. and the adoption of the Model Penal Code (MPC) by most states, which focuses on culpability. Various offenses against individuals, property, and public order are defined in state criminal codes.
- 2.6: Overview of the Criminal Procedure
- This page provides an overview of the U.S. criminal procedural rules, detailing the roles of federal and state governments in establishing regulations. Key constitutional protections are highlighted, alongside judicial processes like grand jury indictments and plea bargaining to ensure defendants' rights. It covers the trial process, emphasizing the adversarial system, sentencing options, and the appeal process.