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4.3: Module 19 Solid Modeling – Part 3

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    Module 19 Solid Modeling – Part 3

    Learning Outcomes

    When you have completed this module, you will be able to:

    1. Describe how the UNION, SUBTRACT, and INTERSECT commands are used and applied when solid modeling.
    2. Apply the INTERSECT, FILLETEDGE, CHAMFEREDGE, and OFFSETEDGE commands to construct and modify solid models.

    Working With Composite Solids

    When you are constructing solid models, it is important to ensure that the completed solid model consists of only one object. The three commands used to help you to do this are UNION, SUBTRACT and INTERSECT. Study the following figures to help you understand how these commands affect the solid model.

    Figure 19-1 shows two solid models in which parts of each one occupies the same 3D space. This, of course, would be impossible in real life.

    19-1.jpg
    Figure 19-1
    Two Solids

    Figure 19-2 shows the same model after the UNION command was used to join the two solids into one.

    19-2.jpg
    Figure 19-2
    One Solid

    Figure 19-3 shows a shaded model and how the model in Figure 19-1 will appear when the two solids are joined together with the UNION command.

    19-3.jpg
    Figure 19-3
    One Solid – Joined With UNION Command

    Figure 19-4 shows how the two solids in Figure 19-1 will appear when the cylinder is subtracted from the box using the SUBTRACT command.

    19-4.jpg
    Figure 19-4
    One Solid – Subtracted

    Figure 19-5 shows how the two models in Figure 19-1 would appear when the box is subtracted from the cylinder using the SUBTRACT command.

    19-5.jpg
    Figure 19-5
    One Solid
    Subtracted

    Figure 19-6 shows how the solid models in Figure 19-1 would appear if the INTERSECT command is used. Notice how only the volume shared by the two models remains.

    19-6.jpg
    Figure 19-6
    One Solid
    Intersection

    AutoCAD Command: INTERSECT

    The INTERSECT command is used to create a solid by finding the volume shared by two or more solids.

    Shortcut: none

    intersect.jpg
    Solid Editing Toolbar
    intersect-pulldown.jpg
    Modify Pull-down
    intersect-ribbon.jpg
    Home Ribbon

    WORK ALONG: Creating a Solid Model by Intersecting Two or Three Solid Models

    Step 1

    Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English.

    Step 2

    Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 19-1.

    Step 3

    Ensure that the DELOBJ system variable is set to 0.

    Step 4

    Set layer: Pline as the current layer, the current UCS to Front, the current view to SE Isometric, and the current visual style to 2D Wireframe.

    Step 5

    Set the current UCS to Front. Using the figures as a reference, draw the contour of the Front view. (Figure Step 5A and 5B)

    Fig-Step-5A-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 5A
    Dimensioned Wireframe Model
    Fig-Step-5B-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 5B

    Step 6

    Using the JOIN command, create a closed polyline. (Figure Step 6)

    Fig-Step-6-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 6

    Step 7

    Set the current UCS to Right and relocate the UCS to the right side as shown in the figure. Using the PLINE command, draw a closed pline of the contour of the right side. (Figure Step 7)

    Fig-Step-7-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 7

    Step 8

    Set the current UCS to Top and relocate it to the top corner of the model as shown in the figure. Using the PLINE command, draw a closed pline of the contour of the top view. (Figure Step 8)

    Fig-Step-8-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 8
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: The contour of a view is the outside shape of the view as it would appear in a multiview drawing. Do not include any of the interior objects in the view.

    Step 9

    Set layer: Solid 3 as the current layer. Extrude the Front view the depth of the model. (Figure Step 9)

    Fig-Step-9-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 9

    Step 10

    Set the current visual style to Realistic to see the extruded solid. (Figure Step 10)

    Fig-Step-10-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 10

    Step 11

    Set the current visual style to 2D Wireframe. Using PRESSPULL, extrude the Right Side and the Top view. Set the current visual style to Realistic to see all three extruded solids at the same time. (Figure Step 11A and 11B)

    Fig-Step-11A-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 11A
    Fig-Step-11B-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 11B
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: You now have the three solids that occupy a portion of the same 3D space. The next step is to create a single solid model of the 3D space that they all share. To do this, use the INTERSECT command.

    Step 12

    Save drawing.

    Step 13

    Set the current visual style to 2D Wireframe. Enter the INTERSECT command, as shown below, to create the common solid from the three intersecting solids. (Figure Step 13)

    Command: INTERSECT

    Select objects: 1 found

    Select objects: 1 found, 2 total

    Select objects: 1 found, 3 total

    (Select each of the solid models.)

    Select objects:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-13-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 13

    Step 14

    Set the current visual style to Realistic. (Figure Step 14)

    Fig-Step-14-solid.jpg
    Figure Step 14

    Step 15

    Save and close the drawing.

    AutoCAD Command: FILLETEDGE

    The FILLETEDGE command is used to create a fillet (tangent arc) on the edge or edges of a solid model.

    Shortcut: none

    Filletedge-Modify-Pull-Down.jpg
    Modify Pull-Down
    Filletedge-Solid-Editing-Toolbar.jpg
    Solid Editing Toolbar
    Filletedge-Solid-Ribbon.jpg
    Solid Ribbon

    AutoCAD Command: CHAMFEREDGE

    The CHAMFEREDGE command is used to create a chamfer on the edge or edges of a solid model.

    Shortcut:  none

    Chamferedge-Modify-Pull-down.jpg
    Modify Pull-down
    Chamferedge-Solid-Editing-Toolbar.jpg
    Solid Editing Toolbar
    Chamferedge-Solid-Ribbon.jpg
    Solid Ribbon

    WORK ALONG: Creating Fillets and Chamfers on Solid Models

    Step 1

    Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English.

    Step 2

    Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 19-2.

    Step 3

    Set layer: Pline as the current layer, the current UCS to Front, the current view to SE Isometric, and the current visual style to 2D Wireframe. Create a the closed pline on the Front view using the figures as a reference. Ignore the fillets and rounds. (Figure Step 3A, 3B, and 3C)

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-3A-1.jpg
    Figure Step 3A
    Dimensioned Multiview of Model 1
    Work-Along-Fig-Step-3B-1.jpg
    Figure Step 3B Completed Solid Model of Model 1 –
    SE Isometric View
    Work-Along-Fig-Step-3C-1.jpg
    Figure Step 3C
    Location of 0,0,0

    Step 4

    On layer: Solid 2, create a solid model as shown in the figure. Do not include the fillets and rounds. For the hole, extrude a circle. Check to ensure that your model is one solid object only using the Properties window. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-4A.jpg
    Figure Step 4A
    Work-Along-Fig-Step-4B.jpg
    Figure Step 4B

    Step 5

    Turn layer: Pline off.

    Step 6

    Set the current UCS to Top. Copy the solid model, that you completed in Step 4, 8 inches in the positive Y direction. The 8 inches is measured from the same point on model to the same point on the copy. The actual distance between the two model will be 5 inches. (Figure Step 6)

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-6-1.jpg
    Figure Step 6

    Apply Steps 7 to 10 to the model on the left side of Figure Step 6.

    Step 7

    Turn layer: Pline off. Enter the FILLETEDGE command, as shown below, to fillet the bottom corners. (Figure Step 7)

    Command: FILLETEDGE

    Radius = 1.2500

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P1

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P2

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:

    2 edge(s) selected for fillet.

    Press Enter to accept the fillet or [Radius]: R

    Specify Radius or [Expression] <1.0000>: 1

    Press Enter to accept the fillet or [Radius]:

    Command:

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-7-1.jpg
    Figure Step 7
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: I had you turn layer Pline off so that the plines do not get in the way when you are selecting the fillet edges of the model.

    Step 8

    Enter the FILLETEDGE command, as shown below, to fillet the top edge. (Figure Step 8)

    Command: FILLETEDGE

    Radius = 1.0000

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P3

    select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: C

    (Use the Chain option.)

    Select an edge chain or [Edge/Radius]: E

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P4

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P5

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P6

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: R

    Enter fillet radius or [Expression] <1.0000>: .125

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:

    4 edge(s) selected for fillet.

    Press Enter to accept the fillet or [Radius]:

    Command:

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-8-1.jpg
    Figure Step 8
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: It is important to use the Chain option when the fillet starts and ends at the same corner. When a chain is used, all the corners are filleted correctly.

    Step 9

    Enter the FILLETEDGE command, as shown below, to fillet the top of the hole. (Figure Step 9)

    Command: FILLETEDGE

    Radius = 0.1250

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]: P7

    Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:

    1 edge(s) selected for fillet.

    Press Enter to accept the fillet or [Radius]:

    Command:

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-9.jpg
    Figure Step 9

    Step 10

    Set the visual style to Realistic. The drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 10)

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-10.jpg
    Figure Step 10

    Step 11

    Referring to the figures, edit the model shown in Steps 11 to 13. (Figure Step 11A and 11B)

    Work-Along-Fig-Step-11a-1.jpg
    Figure Step 11A
    Dimensioned Multiview Of Model 2
    Work-Along-Fig-Step-11b-1.jpg
    Figure Step 11B
    Completed Solid Model of Model 2
    – SE Isometric View

    Apply Steps 12 to 14 to the model on the right side in Figure Step 6.

    Step 12

    Enter the CHAMFEREDGE command, as shown below, to chamfer the bottom corner. (Figure Step 12A and 12B)

    Command: CHAMFEREDGE

    Distance1 = 1.2500, Distance2 = 1.2500

    Select an edge or [Loop/Distance]: P1

    Select another edge on the same face or [Loop/Distance]: D

    Specify Distance1 or [Expression] <1.0000>: 1

    Specify Distance2 or [Expression] <1.0000>: 1

    Select another edge on the same face or [Loop/Distance]:

    Press Enter to accept the chamfer or [Distance]:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-12A-2.jpg
    Figure Step 12A
    Fig-Step-12B-2.jpg
    Figure Step 12B

    Step 13

    Enter the CHAMFEREDGE command, as shown below, to chamfer the hole. (Figure Step 13A and 13B)

    Command: CHAMFEREDGE

    Distance1 = 1.0000, Distance2 = 1.0000

    Select an edge or [Loop/Distance]: P2

    Select another edge on the same face or [Loop/Distance]: D

    Specify Distance1 or [Expression] <1.0000>: .15

    Specify Distance2 or [Expression] <1.0000>: .15

    Select another edge on the same face or [Loop/Distance]:

    Press Enter to accept the chamfer or [Distance]:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-13A.jpg
    Figure Step 13A
    Fig-Step-13B.jpg
    Figure Step 13B

    Step 14

    Enter the CHAMFEREDGE command, as shown below, to create a loop chamfer around the top of the model. (Figure Step 14)

    Command: CHAMFEREDGE

    Distance1 = 0.1500, Distance2 = 0.1500

    Select an edge or [Loop/Distance]: L

    Select edge of loop or [Edge/Distance]:

    Enter an option [Accept/Next] <Accept>: N

    Enter an option [Accept/Next] <Accept>:

    Select edge of loop or [Edge/Distance]: D

    Specify Distance1 or [Expression] <0.1500>: 0.125

    Specify Distance2 or [Expression] <0.1500>: 0.125

    Select another edge on the same face or [Loop/Distance]:

    Press Enter to accept the chamfer or [Distance]:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-14-cham-1.jpg
    Figure Step 14
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: The CHAMFEREDGE command is a little tricky. When you select the edge, the command may highlight wrong plane. Continuing entering N until the correct plane highlights.
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: It is important to use the Loop option when the chamfer starts and ends at the same corner. When a loops is used, all the corners will be chamfered correctly.

    Step 15

    Set the current UCS to Realistic. The final drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 15)

    Fig-Step-15-3-e1626802409403.jpg
    Figure Step 15

    Step 16

    Save and close the drawing.

    AutoCAD Command: OFFSETEDGE

    The OFFSETEDGE command is used to create a closed polyline that is offset at a specified distance from the edges of a selected planar face on a 3D solid or surface.

    Shortcut: none

    offset-edge.jpg
    Solid Ribbon

    WORK ALONG: Creating Fillets and Chamfers on Solid Models

    Step 1

    Open the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 19-2. Using SAVEAS, save the drawing with the name: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 19-3 (Figure Step 1)

    Fig-Step-1.jpg
    Figure Step 1

    Step 2

    Set layer: Pline as the current layer.

    Step 3

    Using the model on the left, enter the OFFSETEDGE command, as shown below, to create a closed polyline 0.25 inches from the edge. (Figure Step 3A and 3B)

    Command: OFFSETEDGE

    Corner = Sharp

    Select face:

    Specify through point or [Distance/Corner]: D

    Specify distance <0.1250>: 0.25

    Specify point on side to offset:

    Select face:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-3A-offset.jpg
    Figure Step 3A
    Fig-Step-3B-offset.jpg
    Figure Step 3B

    Step 4

    Set layer: Solid 2 as the current layer. Enter the PRESSPULL command. When prompted, select inside the polyline and enter the height of -0.35 as shown below. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)

    Command: PRESSPULL

    Select object or bounded area: Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:

    Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]: -0.35

    1 extrusion(s) created

    Select object or bounded area:

    Command:

    Fig-Step-4A-presspull.jpg
    Figure Step 4A
    Fig-Step-4B-presspull.jpg
    Figure Step 4B

    Step 5

    Save and close the drawing.

    Key Principles

    Key Principles in Module 19

    1. When constructing solid models, it is important to ensure that the completed solid model consists of one AutoCAD object.
    2. The INTERSECT command is used to create a solid by finding the volume shared by two or more solids.
    3. It is important to use the Chain option when starting a fillet on a solid model that starts and ends at the same That ensures that all the corners are filleted correctly.
    4. It is important to use the Loop option when starting a chamfer on a solid model that starts and ends at the same That ensures that all the corners are chamfered correctly.

    Lab Exercise 19-1

    Time allowed: 30 minutes.

    Drawing Name Template Units
    AutoCAD 3D Lab 19-1 3D Layout Metric Millimeters

    Step 1

    On layer: Solid 3, draw a solid model of the object. (Figure Step 1A, 1B, and 1C)

    Step 2

    Draw the closed plines on layer: Pline.

    19-1-1A.jpg
    Figure Step 1A
    Dimensioned Wireframe Model
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: Since the Top view is a rectangle, you do not have to include it. The model can be obtained from the intersection of the front and right side views only.
    19-1-1B.jpg
    Figure Step 1B Completed Solid Model SE Isometric View
    19-1-1C.jpg
    Figure Step 1C
    Hint

    Step 3

    Use the INTERSECT command and the two extruded solids to create the solid model.

    Step 4

    Turn layer: Pline off and set the current visual style to Realistic.

    Step 5

    Set the Insertion Units, change the current UCS to World, and check the model with the key.

    Step 6

    Save and close the drawing.

    Lab Exercise 19-2

    Time allowed: 40 minutes.

    Drawing Name Template Units
    AutoCAD 3D Lab 19-2 3D Layout Metric Millimeters

    Step 1

    Draw the closed plines on layer: Pline.

    Step 2

    On layer: Solid 3, draw a solid model of the object shown in the figures. (Figure Step 2A, 2B, and 2C)

    19-2-2A.jpg
    Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing
    AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: Since the Top view is a rectangle, you do not have to include it. The model can be obtained from the intersection of the front and right side views only.
    Lab-19-2-Fig-Step-2B.jpg
    Figure Step 2B Completed Solid Model SE Isometric View
    Lab-19-2-Fig-Step-2C.jpg
    Figure Step 2C
    Hint

    Step 3

    Use the INTERSECT command and the two extruded solids to create the solid model.

    Step 4

    Add the fillets and chamfers to the solid model.

    Step 5

    Turn layer: Pline off and set the current visual style to Realistic.

    Step 6

    Set the Insertion Units, change the current UCS to World, and check the model with the key.

    Step 7

    Save and close the drawing.

    Lab Exercise 19-3

    Time allowed: 40 minutes.

    Drawing Name Template Units
    AutoCAD 3D Lab 19-3 3D Layout English Inches

    Step 1

    Draw the closed plines on layer Pline.

    Step 2

    On layer: Solid 3, draw a solid model of the object shown in the figures. (Figure Step 2A, 2B, and 2C)

    19-3-2A.jpg
    Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing
    19-3-2B.jpg
    Figure Step 2B
    Location of 0,0,0
    19-3-2C.jpg
    Figure Step 2C Completed Model SE Isometric View

    Step 3

    Add the fillets and chamfers to the solid model.

    Step 4

    Turn layer: Pline off and set the current visual style to Realistic.

    Step 5

    Set the Insertion Units, change the current UCS to World, and check the model with the key.

    Step 6

    Save and close the drawing.

    Lab Exercise 19-4

    Time allowed: 40 minutes.

    Drawing Name Template Units
    AutoCAD 3D Lab 19-4 3D Layout English Inches

    Step 1

    Draw the closed plines on layer: Pline.

    Step 2

    On layer: Solid 4, draw a solid model of the object shown in the figures. Figure Step 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D)

    19-4-2A.jpg
    Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing
    19-4-2B.jpg
    Figure Step 2B
    Auxiliary View
    19-4-2C.jpg
    Figure Step 2C
    SE Isometric View
    19-4-2D.jpg
    Figure Step 2D
    Location of 0,0,0

    Step 3

    Turn layer: Pline off and set the current visual style to Realistic.

    Step 4

    Set the Insertion Units, change the current UCS to World, and check the model with the key.

    Step 5

    Save and close the drawing.

    This page titled 4.3: Module 19 Solid Modeling – Part 3 is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Wally Baumback (BC Campus) .

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