Skip to main content
Workforce LibreTexts

1.13: Notes

  • Page ID
    25853

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    Annaraud, K . (2006). A Comparison of Skills Necessary for Successful Careers for American and Russian Hospitality Students Upon Graduation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 18(4), 33-44

    Bagshaw, M. (1996). Creating employability: How can training and development square the circle between individual and corporate interest? Industrial and Commercial Training, 28(1), 16–18.

    Bharwani, S., & Jauhari, V. (2013). An exploratory study of competencies required to co-create memorable customer experiences in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(6), 823–843. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-05-2012-0065

    Barnes, D., & Keenan, M. (1989). Instructed human fixed-interval performance: The effects of the experimental setting. The Psychological Record, 39, 351-364.

    Baum, Tom, 1995, Managing Human Resources in the European Tourism and Hospitality Industry – A Strategic Approach, Chapman & Hall, Great Britain.

    Baum, T. (2002). Skills and training for the hospitality sector: a review of issues. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 54(3), 343–364. doi:10.1080/13636820200200204

    Bennett, N., Dunne, E., & Carre', C. (2000). Skill Development in Higher Education and Employment. Buckingham: Open University Press.

    Bernardine, John H. & Joyce Russel EA, 1993, Human Resource Management, An Experiental Approach, McGraw Hill, Singapore.

    Breen, H., Walo, M. and Dimmock, K. 2004. Assessment Of Tourism And Hospitality Management Competencies: A Student Perspective. in Smith, K.A. and Schott, C. (2004) eds
    Proceedings of the New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference 2004.

    Burke, W, 1995, Competency Based Education and Training, The Falmer Press, Great Britain.

    Campbell, Andrew & Kathleen Somers Luchs, 1997, Core Competency-Based Strategy, International Thomson Business Press, UK.

    Cecil, Amanda Kay, Yao-Yi Fu Y, Elizabeth Jones Z., 2010. Monitoring Student Success: A Systemic Model For Hospitality And Tourism Education. International CHRIE Conference-Refereed. University of Massachusetts. USA

    Chapman, J. A., & Lovell, G. (2006). The competency model of hospitality service: why it doesn’t deliver. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(1), 78–88. doi:10.1108/09596110610642000

    Chung-herrera, B. G., Enz, C. A., & Lankau, M. J. (2003). Grooming Future Hospitality Leaders : A Competencies Model Grooming Future Hospitality Leaders : A Competencies Model. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(3), 17–25.

    Cho, Wonae and Daniel J. Connolly. 1999. US-based hospitality programs: Looking to keep pace with today’s high-tech industry needs. International Journal of Hospitality Information Technology, 1(1), 27-43.

    Cooper, Christopher, 2000, Principle of Tourism, Mcgraw Hill, London.

    De Cuyper, N., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Berntson, E., De Witte, H., & Alarco, B. (2008). Employability and employees’ well-being: Mediation by job insecurity. Applied Psychology, 57, 488–509.

    De Vos, A., De Hauw, S., &Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2011). Competency development and career success: The mediating role of employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 449–456.

    Dittmer, Paul R. & Gerald G. Griffin, 1997, Dimensions of The Hospitality Industry An Introduction, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, USA.

    Dopson, L. R., & Tas, R. F. (2004). A practical approach to curriculum development: A case study. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 16 (1), 39-46.

    Eades, E., & Iles, P. (1998, September). Employability and career self-reliance, towards a measure of resilience. Paper presented at the British Academy of Management Conference, Nottingham, England.

    Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 14–38.

    Fugate, M., & Kinicki, A. J. (2008). A dispositional approach to employability: Development of a measure and test of implications for employee reactions to organizational change. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 81, 503–527.

    Gangani, N., & McLean, N. (2006). A competency-based human resource development strategy. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 19(1), 127–139.

    Gregson, J. A., & Bettis, P. J. (1991). Secondary Trade and Industrial Education Work Values Instruction: Emancipatory of Indoctrinational? Paper presented at the AVERA Research on the Vocational Teachers Session, American Vocational Association Annual Convention.

    Guthrie, H. (2009). Competence and competency-based training: What the literature says. Adelaide, Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education Research.

    Hallier, J. (2009). Rhetoric but whose reality? The influence of employability messages on employee mobility tactics and work group identification. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 846–868.

    Harvey, L., Locke, W., & Morey, A. (2002). Enhancing employability, recognizing diversity. London, England: Universities UK.

    Hayes, J. L. (1979). A new look at managerial competency: The AMA model of worthy performance. Management Review, 68, 1198–1200.

    Hillage, J., & Pollard, E. (1998). Employability: Developing a framework for policy analysis (Research Brief No. 85). London, England: Department for Education and Employment.

    Iles, P. (1997). Sustainable high potential career development: A resource based view. Career Development International, 2(7), 347–353.

    Jacobson, M. & Ruddy, M. (2004) Open to outcome (p. 2). Oklahoma City, OK: Wood 'N' Barnes.

    Jauhari, V. (2006). Competences for a career in the hospitality industry: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(2), 123–134.

    Johanson, M., Ghiselli, R., Shea, L. J., & Roberts, C. (2010). Revealing Key Competencies of Hospitality Graduates Demanded by Industry : A 25-year review. International CHRIE Conference (p. Paper 5). Retrieved from http://scholarworks.umass.edu/refere...010/Saturday/5

    Knight, P., & Yorke, M. (2004). Learning, curriculum and employability in higher education. London, England: Routledge Falmer.

    Kolb, D (1984). Experiential Learning as the Science of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Lane, D., Puri, A., Cleverly, P., Wylie, R., & Rajan, A. (2000).Employability: Bridging the gap between rhetoric and reality: Employee’s perspective. London, England: Create Consultancy/ Professional Development Foundation.

    Mayaka Melphon and Brian King. 2004. A Quality Assessment of Education and Training for Kenya’s Tour-operating Sector. http://www.commerce.otago.ac.nz/tour...s/homepage.htm

    Milkovich/Boudreaux, 1997, Human Resource Management. 8th Edition. Irwin Book Team. USA.

    Millar, M., Mao, Z., & Moreo, P. (2008). Hospitality Management Educators vs. the Industry : a Competency Assessment. Hospitality Management (pp. 1–24). Retrieved from http://repository.usfca.edu/hosp/6

    Mirable, R. J. (1997). Everything you wanted to know about competency modeling. Training and Development, 51(8), 73–77.

    Moon, J. (2004). A Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning:Theory and Practice. London: Routledge Falmer. p. 126.

    Moutinho, L. 2000, Strategic Management in Tourism. CAB International. London.

    Munar, Ana Maria, and Juan Jose Montano. 2009. Generic competences and tourism graduates. Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, 8(1).

    Pfeiffer, W. & Jones, J. E. (1975). A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training. La Jolla, California: University Associates.

    Pool, L. D., & Sewell, P. (2007). The key to employability: Developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education + Training, 49(4), 277–289.

    Rajan, A. (1997). Employability in the finance sector: Rhetoric vs. reality. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(1), 67–78.

    Rajan, A., Van Eupen, P., Chapple, K., & Lane, D. (2000). Employability: Bridging the gap between rhetoric and reality: First report. Employer’s perspective. London, England: Create Consultancy/Professional Development Foundation.

    Rasul, M. S., Abd Rauf, R. A., Mansor, A. N., & Puvanasvaran, A. P. (2012). Employability skills assessment tool development. International Education Studies, 5, 43–56. doi:10.5539/ies.v5n5p43

    Raybould, M., &Wilkins, H. (2005). Over qualified and under experienced: Turning graduates into hospitality managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(3), 203–216.

    Sandwith, Paul. 1993. A Hierarchy of Management Training Requirements: The Competency domain Model. Public Personnel Management, 22(1).

    Schoonover, S. (1998). Human resource competences for the year 2000: The wake-up call. Alexandria, VA: Society of Human Resource Management.

    Sisson, L. G., & Adams, A. R. (2013). Essential Hospitality Management Competencies: The Importance of Soft Skills. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(3), 131–145. doi:10.1080/10963758.2013.826975

    Spencer, L., & Spencer, M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Wiley.

    Spencer, Lyle M, Jr. & Signe M Spencer, 1993. Competence At Work – Models for Superior Performance .John Wiley & Sons. Canada.

    Stewart, J., & Knowles, V. (2000). Graduate recruitment: Implications for business and management courses in HE. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25(2/3/4), 98–108.

    Tas, Richard F., Suzanne V. LaBrecque, and Howard R. Clayton. 1996. Property-Management Competencies for Management Trainees. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.

    Van Dam, K. (2004). Antecedents and consequences of employability orientation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13(1), 29–51.

    Van der Heijde, C. M., & Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2006). A competence based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability. Human Resource Management, 45, 449–476.

    Van der Heijden, B. (2002). Prerequisites to guarantee life-long employability. Personnel Review, 31(1), 44–61.

    Walo, M. (2001). Assessing the Contribution of Internship in Developing Australian Tourism and Hospitality Students’ Management Competencies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 12–28.

    Warren, W. Malcolm, 1985, Training for Result – A Systematic Approach to Development of Human Resources in Industry. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. USA.

    Wendell, L. French, 1998, Human Resource Management. 4th Edition. Haughton Mifflin Company. USA.

    Whitelaw, P. A., Barron, P., Buultjens, J., Cairncross, G., & Davidson, M. (2009). Training Needs of the Hospitality Industry (pp. 1–28). Retrieved from www.crctourism.com.au

    Wang, Y.-F., & Tsai, C.-T. (2012). Analysis of career competency of food and beverage managers in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 612–616.

    Chapter 3

    Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.

    Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

    Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of Behavior Modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Bandura, A. & Walters, R. (1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Brenner, Markus; Coners, André (2010). Process Capital as Strategic Success Factor: The Lufthansa Example. Handbook on Business Process Management 2. pp. 57–72. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01982-1_3. ISBN 978-3-642-01981-4.

    Brown, J.S., Collins, A. & Duguid, S. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42.

    Chen, Jin; Zhu, Zhaohui; Yuan Xie, Hong (2004). "Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study". Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1): 195–212. doi:10.1108/14691930410513003.

    Claudia Goldin, Department of Economics Harvard University and National Bureau of Economic Research. "Human Capital" (PDF).

    Crawford, K. (1996). Vygotskian approaches in human development in the information era. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 31(1-2), 43-62.

    David L, "Situated Learning Theory (Lave)," in Learning Theories, January 17, 2007, https://www.learning-theories.com/si...eory-lave.html.

    David L, "Social Learning Theory (Bandura)," in Learning Theories, February 7, 2019, https://www.learning-theories.com/so...y-bandura.html.

    Edvinsson, L (1997). "Developing intellectual capital at Skandia". Long Range Planning, 30(3): 366–373. doi:10.1016/s0024-6301(97)90248

    Gibbons, Robert; Waldman, Michael (May 2004). "Task-Specific Human Capital". American Economic Review. 94 (2): 203–207.

    Kenton, Will. "Human Capital". Investopedia. Retrieved 2019-03-28.

    Khavandkar, Ehsan, Theodorakopoulos, Nicholas, Hart, Mark, & Preston, Jude (2016). Leading the Diffusion of Intellectual Capital Management Practices in Science Parks. In H. Shipton, P. Budhwar, P. Sparrow, & A. Brown (Eds.), Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance (pp. 213–231). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

    Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in Practice: Mind, mathematics, and culture in everyday life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1990). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Luis C. Moll: L.S. Vygotsky and Education (Routledge Key Ideas in Education): An accessible, introductory volume that provides a good summary of Vygtoskian core concepts, including the sociocultural genesis of human thinking, a developmental approach to studying human thinking, and the power of cultural mediation in understanding and transforming educational practices. Well written and worth a look.

    Maddocks, J. & Beaney, M. 2002. See the invisible and intangible. Knowledge Management, March, 16-17.

    Roos, J., Roos, G., Dragonetti, N. C., & Edvinsson, L. (1997). Intellectual capital. Macmillan Business.
    http://staffweb.hkbu.edu.hk/vwschow/...m3620/rp01.pdf

    Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Readings on the development of children, 23(3), 34-41.

    Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.

    Wilks, Daneila and Kevin Hemsworth (2011) Tourism management Studies, Nº 7, 131 -137, International English Edition, ISSN: 1646-2408

    Chapter 4

    Introduction Literature

    Bourdieu, Pierre. 1972. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press.

    Busby, G., Brunt, P., and Baber, S. 1997. Tourism sandwich placements: An appraisal. Tourism management, 18(2), 105-110.

    Busby, G., and Fiedel, D. 2001. A contemporary review of tourism degrees in the United Kingdom. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 53(4), 501-522.

    Cooper, C., and Shepherd, R. 1997. The relationship between tourism education and the tourism industry: Implications for tourism education. Tourism Recreation Research, 22(1), 34-47.

    Creswell, J.W. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among five approaches. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Denzin, N. K., and Lincoln, Y. S. 2005. The Sage Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Eyler, J. 1993. Comparing the impact of two internship experiences on student learning. Journal of Cooperative Education, 29 (3), 41-53.

    Hazleton V. and W. Kennan. 2000. Social capital: reconceptualizing the bottom line. Corporate Communications: An international journal, 5(2), 81-86.

    Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House.

    Leslie, D., and Richardson, A. 2002. Tourism and cooperative education in UK undergraduate courses: Are the benefits being realized? Tourism Management, 21(5), 489-498.

    Merriam, S.B. 1998. Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Petrillose, M.J, and Montgomery, R. 1997/1998. An exploratory study of internship practices in hospitality education and industry’s perception of the importance of internships in hospitality curriculum. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 9(4), 46-51.

    Stake, R.E. 1995. Qualitative case studies. In N.K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 443-466). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Stake, R. E. 2005. Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 443-366). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Stake, R. E. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. New York: Guilford Press.

    Titz, K. and Wollin, M. (2002). Consensus building as a change strategy for experiential learning at the Conrad N. Hilton College Hilton Hotel. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 14(2), 31-37.

    Tribe, J. (2002). The philosophic practitioner. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 338- 357.

    Varty, J.W. (2000). Partnership: An essential condition for sound cooperate education practice. Journal of Cooperative Education, 31(2), 132-139.

    Yin, R.K. (2003). Case study research: Design and method (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Urban Studies Literature

    Dogan, Mattei and John D. Kasarda. 1988. “Introduction: How Giant Cities Will Multiply and Grow.” Pp.12-29 in The Metropolis Era, Volume 1, A World of Giant Cities, edited by Mattei Dogan and John D. Kasarda. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Lofland, Lyn H. 2007. The Public Realm: Exploring the city’s quintessential social territory. Piscataway, NJ: Aldine Transaction.

    Orum, Anthony M. and Joe R. Feagin. 1991. “A Tale of Two Cities.” Pp. 121-47 in A Case for the Case Study, edited by Joe R. Feagin, Anthony M. Orum, and Gideon Sjoberg. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Zukin, Sharon. 1995. The Cultures of Cities. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing

    Zussman, R. 2004. People in places. Qualitative Sociology, 27(4), 351-363.

    Learning Notes

    Bloom, B. S., Krathwohl, D. R., & Masia, B. B. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. New York, NY: David McKay Company.

    Renkl, A., Atkinson, R. K., Maier, U. H., & Staley, R. (2002). From example study to problem solving: Smooth transitions help learning. Journal of Experimental Education, 70 (4), 293–315.

    Bonwell, Charles; Eison, James (1991). Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom. Information Analyses - ERIC Clearinghouse Products (071). p. 3. ISBN 978-1-878380-08-1. ISSN 0884-0040.

    Bean, John C. (2011). Engaging Ideas: The Professor's Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking and Active Learning in the Classroom (2 Ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-118-06233-3.

    Barnes, Douglas (1989). Active Learning. Leeds University TVEI Support Project, 1989. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-872364-00-1.

    Kyriacou, Chris (1992). "Active Learning in Secondary School Mathematics". British Educational Research Journal. 18 (3): 309–318. Doi: 10.1080/0141192920180308. JSTOR 1500835.

    Dean A. McManus, The Two Paradigms of Education and the Peer Review of Teaching, Journal of Geoscience Education, V.49, n.5,

    Socialization Notes

    Arnett, J. J. 1995. Broad and Narrow Socialization: The Family in the Context of a Cultural Theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(3), 617-628.

    Arnold, J. 1985. Tales of the unexpected: Surprises experienced by graduates in the early months of employment. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 13(3), 308- 319.

    Bandura, A. 1977. Social Learning Theory. General Learning Press.

    Bystrom, K. 2002. Information and Information Sources in Tasks of Varying Complexity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53(7), 581-591.

    Decety, J., K. J. Michalska, and Y. Akitsuki. 2008. Who caused the pain? An FMRI Investigation of Empathy and Intentionality in Children. Neuropsychologia, 46(11), 2607-2614.

    Eckert, R. A. 2001. Where Leadership Starts. Harvard Business Review.

    Ellis, G. J., G. R. Lee, and L. R. Petersen. 1978. Supervision and Conformity: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Parental Socialization Values. American Journal of Sociology 84(2), 386-403.

    Feldman, D.C. 1980. A Socialization Process That Helps New Recruits Succeed. Personnel, 57, 11-23.

    Feldman, D.C. 1981. The Multiple Socialization of Organization Members. Academy of Management Review, 6, 309-318.

    Fisher, C. D. 1985. Social Support and Adjustment to Work: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Management, 11, 34-53.

    Fisher, C. D. 1986. Organizational Socialization: An Integrative Review. In G. R. Ferris and K. M. Rowland (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 4. Pp. 101-145. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Greenhaus, Jeffrey H. 1999. Effective socialization of employees: socialization content perspective. Journal of Management Issues, 3, 27-34.

    Hall, D. T. and J. E. Moss. 1998. The New Protean Career Contract: Helping Organizations and Employees Adaptive Organizational Dynamics 26(3), 24.

    Holland, D. 1970. Familization, Socialization, and the Universe of Meaning: An Extension of the Interactional Approach to the Study of the Family. Journal of Marriage and the Family 32(3), 415-427.

    Hughes, M., C. J. Kroehler, and J. W. Vander Zanden. 2001. Sociology: The Core. NY: McGraw- Hill.

    Kohn, M. L. 1969. Class and Conformity, a Study in Values. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.

    Jablin, F. M. 1985. An exploratory study of vocational organizational communication socialization. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 50, 261-282.

    Johnson, R. A. 1976. Management, systems, and society: an introduction. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing.

    Jones, G. R. 1986. Socialization Tactics, Self-Efficacy, and Newcomers Adjustments to Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 262-279.

    Katz, D., and R. L. Kahn. 1966. The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley.

    Knowles, H. P., and B. O. Saxberg. 1971. Personality and leadership behavior. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Long, T. E. and J. K. Hadden. 1985. A Reconception of Socialization. Sociological Theory 3(1), 39-49.

    Louis, M. R. 1980 .Surprise and Sense Making: What Newcomers Experience in Entering Unfamiliar Organizational Settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226- 251.

    Louis, M. R. 1990 .Surprise and Sense Making: What Newcomers Experience in Entering Unfamiliar Organizational Settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226- 251.

    March, J. G., and H. A. Simon. 1958. Organizations. New York: Wiley.

    McKeachie, W. 1997. Student ratings: The validity of use. American Psychologist, 52, 1218-1225.

    Mead, G. H. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Michener, A. H., J. D. DeLamater, and D. J. Myers. 2004. Social Psychology. (5th ed.). Canada: Wadsworth.

    Miller, N., and J. Dollard. 1941. Social Learning and Imitation. Yale University Press.

    Morrison, E. W. 1995. Information usefulness and acquisition during organizational encounter.

    Management Communication Quarterly, 9 (2), 131-156.

    Morrison, E. W. 2002. Information Seeking Within Organizations. Human Communication Research 28(2), 229.

    Mortimer, J. T. and R. G. Simmons. 1978. Adult Socialization. Annual Review of Sociology 4, 421-454.

    Nelson, D. L. 1987. Organizational Socialization: A Stress Perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 8, 311-324.

    Ostroff, C. and S. W. J. Kozlowski. 1993. The Role of Mentoring in Information Gathering Processes of Newcomers during Early Organizational Socialization. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 42, 170-183.

    Pfeffer, J. 2001. Fighting the War for Talent is Hazardous to Your Organization’s Health. California Management Review, 29(4), 248.

    Porter, L. W., and R. W. Steers. 1975. Organizational, work and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 151-76.

    Reichers, A. E. 1987. An Interactionist Perspective on Newcomer Socialization Rates. Academy of Management Review, 12, 278-287.

    Rizzo, J. R., R. J. House, and S. I. Lirtzman. 1970. Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 150-163.

    Robinson, D. T., and L. Smith-Lovin. 1992. Selective interaction as a strategy for identity maintenance: An affect control model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 12-28.

    Rosenbaum, James E. 1975. The Stratification of Socialization Processes. American Sociological Review 40(1), 48-54.

    Rotter, J. B. 1954. Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. Prentice-Hall.

    Rousseau, D. M. 1991. Assessing organizational culture: the case for multiple methods, In B.

    Stirred (Ed.), Organizational Climate & Culture. San Francisco, CA: Sage.

    Satir, V. 1967. Conjoint family therapy; a guide to theory and technique. Palo Alto, Ca: Science and Behavior Books.

    Schein, E. H. 1964. How to Break in the College Graduate. Harvard Business Review, 42, 68-76.

    Schein, E. H. 1978. Career Dynamics: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Schein, E. H. 1980. Organizational Psychology (third Ed.). New York, Prentice Hall.

    Schein, E. H. 1988. Retrospective Commentary to Organizational Socialization and the Profession of Management. Sloan Management Review, 53, 64.

    Shepard, J. and R. W. Greene. 2003. Sociology and You. Ohio: Glencoe McGraw-Hill.

    Smeby, J. C. 1996. Disciplinary differences in university teaching. Studies in Higher Education, 21(1), 69-79.

    Solomon, P. 1997. Discovering Information Behavior in Sense Making: Time and Timing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48(12), 1098.

    Swanger, N. and D. Gursoy. 2007. An industry-driven model of hospitality curriculum for programs houses in accredited colleges of business: Program learning outcomes - Part III. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 19(2), 12-22.

    Tajfel, H., and J. Turner. 1979. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, G. William, and S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Pp. 94-109. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.

    Taylor, J., A. Flanagin, and D. R. Seibold. 2000. Organizational research: Key moments, central concerns, and future challenges. Communication Yearbook, 24, 99-137.

    Thibaut, W.J., and H. H. Kelley. 1959. The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.

    Thomas, W. I. 1967. The Unadjusted Girl. With Cases and Standpoint for Behavioral Analysis. London: Harper & Row.

    Thomas, W. I., and D. S. Thomas. 1928. The child in America: Behavior problems and programs. New York: Knopf.

    Van Maanen, J. and E. H. Schein. 1979. Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed.). Research in organizational behavior, vol. 1. Pp. 209-264. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Volkart, E. H. (Ed.). 1951. Social Behavior and Personality. Contribution of W. I. Thomas to Theory and Social Research. NY: Social Research Council.

    Wanous, J. P. 1992. Organizational Entry: Recruitment, Selection, and Socialization of Newcomers. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley

    Weber, M. 1922. The Nature of Social Action. In W.G. Runciman, (Ed.), Weber: Selections in Translation. Cambridge University Press. 1991.

    Weick, K. E. 2001. Making Sense of the Organization. Oxford: Blackwell. Externship Literature:

    DiMicelli, P. Jr. 1998. Blending theory and practical experience: A hands-on approach to educating hospitality managers. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 10 (1), 32-36.

    Herrick, M.A. 1997. The effects of internship experience and participation modeling on the skill development and psychological adjustment of rehabilitation interns: A thesis in counseling psychology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.

    Inkster, R. P., and Ross, R.G. 1995. The internship as partnership. A handbook for campus-based coordinators and advisors. Raleigh, NC: National Society for Experiential Education.

    Kiser, J.W., and Partlow, C.G. 1999. Experiential learning in hospitality education: An exploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 11(2/3), 11-17.

    Reich, A.Z., and De Franco, A.L. 1994. How to teach so students will learn: Part one. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 6(1), 47-51.

    Ricks, F., Van Gyn, G., Branton, G., Cut, J., Loken, M., & Ney, T. 1990. Theory and research in cooperative education: Practice implications. Journal of Cooperative Education, 25(1), 7-19.

    Ross, D.D. 1989. First steps in developing a reflective approach. Journal of Teacher Education, 40(2), 22-30.

    Titz, K. and Wollin, M. 2002. Consensus building as a change strategy for experiential learning at the Conrad N. Hilton College Hilton Hotel. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 14(2), 31-37.

    Varty, J.W. 2000. Partnership: An essential condition for sound cooperate education practice. Journal of Cooperative Education, 31(2), 132-139.

    Wildes, V.J., and Mount, D.J. 1997/1998. The effect of structure on hospitality internship programs. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 9(4), 43-45.
    Experiential Literature:

    Ball, S. 1995. Enriching student learning through innovative real-life exercises. Education & Training, 2(1), 5-16.

    Barron, P.E. and Henderson, D. 2002. Achieving deep learning in higher education programs: Hospitality and leisure management students’ perceptions of the potential use of virtual reality technology. International Journal of Hospitality Information Technology, 2(2), 63-76.

    Beckett, J. 1996. Exploring the possible impact of current and future information technology developments on university teaching and learning processes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 15(2), 137-154.

    Biggs, J. 1999. What the student does: Teaching for enhanced learning. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 57-76.

    Bobitt, L.M., Inks, S.A., Kemp, K.T., and Mayo, D.T. 2000. Integrating marketing courses to enhance team-based experiential learning. Journal of Marketing Education, 22(1), 15-24.

    Brockbank, A., and McGill, I. 1998, Facilitating reflective learning in higher education. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press.

    Busby, G., Brunt, P., and Baber, S. 1997. Tourism sandwich placements: An appraisal. Tourism management, 18(2), 105-110.

    Busby, G., and Fiedel, D. 2001. A contemporary review of tourism degrees in the United Kingdom. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 53(4), 501-522.

    Cannon, R., Newble, D. 2000. A handbook for teachers in universities & colleges: A guide to improving teaching methods (4th ed.). London: Kogan Press.

    Cooper, C., and Shepherd, R. 1997. The relationship between tourism education and the tourism industry: Implications for tourism education. Tourism Recreation Research, 22(1), 34-47.

    Daily, S.P. 2001. Student-operated internet businesses: True experiential learning in entrepreneurship and retail management. Journal of Marketing Education, 23(3), 204-215.

    Feinstein, A.H., Mann, S., and Corsun, D.L. 2002. Charting the experiential territory: clarifying definitions and uses of computer simulation, games, and role play. The Journal of Management Development, 21 (9/10), 732-744.

    Hamer, L.O. 2000. The additive effects of semi structured classroom activities on student learning: An application of classroom-based experiential learning techniques. Journal of Marketing Education, 22(1), 25-34.

    Kennedy, E.J., Lawton, L., and Walker, E. 2001. The case for using live cases: Shifting the paradigm in marketing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 23(2), 145- 151.

    Leslie, D., and Richardson, A. 2002. Tourism and cooperative education in UK undergraduate courses: Are the benefits being realized? Tourism Management, 21(5), 489-498.

    McDonald, D., and McDonald, T., 2000. Festival and event management: An experiential approach to curriculum design. Event Management, 6(1), 5-13.

    Moscardo, G., and Norris, A. 2003. Learning lessons in a real world: Running events with students. Paper presented at the Convention and Expo Summit, School of Hotel and Tourism Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

    Papamarcos, S.D. 2002. The ‘next wave’ in service-learning: Integrative team-based engagements with structural objectives. Review of Business, 23(2), 31-38.
    Ramsden, P. 1988. Improving learning: New perspectives. London: Kogan Press.

    Schon, D.A., 1983. The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.

    Specht, L.B., and Sandlin, P.K. 1991. The differential effects of experiential learning activities and traditional lecture classes in accounting. Simulation and Gaming, 22(2), 196-210.

    Tribe, J. 2002. The philosophic practitioner. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 338- 357.

    Internship Literature

    Barnett, R. 1997. Higher Education: A Critical business. Buckingham, UK: The Society for Research into Higher Education, and Open University Press.

    Beyer, R. 1997. Critical reflection and the culture of schooling: Empowering teachers. Melbourne, Australia: Dakin University Press.

    Bound, D. 2001. Using journal writing to enhance reflective practice. In L. English & M. Gillen (Eds.), New directions for adult and continuing education, no. 90, 9-17. New York: John Wiley.

    Bound, D., Keogh, R., and Walker, D. (Eds.). 1985. Reflection: Turning experience into learning. London: Kogan Page.

    Brockbank, A. and McGill, I. 1998. Facilitating reflective learning in higher education. Buckingham, UK: Society for Research in Higher Education, and Open University Press.

    Brookfield, S. 1998. Critically reflective practice. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 18(4), 162-184.

    Carson, L., and Fisher, K. 2006. Raising the bar on Criticality: Students’ critical reflection in an internship program. Journal of Management education, 30, 700-723.

    Clark, S.C. 2003. Enhancing the educational value of business internships. Journal of Management Education, 27. 472-484.

    Cope, J. 2003. Entrepreneurial learning and critical reflection: Discontinuous events as triggers for “higher level” learning. Management Learning, 34(4), 429-450.

    Cunliffe, A.L., 2004. On becoming a critically reflective practitioner. Journal of Management Education, 28(4), 407-426.

    Ecclestone, K. 1996. The reflective practitioner: Mantra or a model for emancipation? Studies in the Education of Adults, 28(2), 146-160.

    Fisher, K., 2000. A wealth of notions: Reflective engagement in the emancipatory teaching and learning of economics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia.

    Fisher, K. 2003. Demystifying critical reflection: Defining criteria for assessment. Higher Education Research and Development, 22(3), 318-335.

    Gardner, J.W. 1964. Self-renewal. New York: HarperCollins.

    Hatton, N., and Smith, D. 1995. Reflection in teacher education: Towards definition and implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11(1), 35-49.

    Hiemstra, R. 2001. Uses and benefits of journal writing. In L. English and M. Gillen (eds.). New directions for adult and continuing education, no. 90 (pp.9-26). New York: John Wiley.

    Inkster, R. P., and Ross, R.G. 1995. The internship as partnership. A handbook for campus-based coordinators and advisors. Raleigh, NC: National Society for Experiential Education.

    Ixer, G. 1999. There’s no such thing as reflection. British Journal of Social Work, 29, 513-527.

    McNiff, J. 1990. Writing and the creation of educational knowledge. In P. Lomax (Ed.). Managing staff development in schools: An action research approach (pp. 52-60). Avon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Mezirow, J. (Ed.). 1990. Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Mezirow, J. 1991. Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.

    Reynolds, M. 1998. Reflection and critical reflection in management learning. Management Learning, 29(2), 183-200.

    Ruhanen, L., 2005. Bridging the divide between theory and Practice: Experiential learning approaches for tourism and hospitality management education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 5(4), 33-51.

    Schon, D.A., 1987. Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the profession. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Smith, D. 1999, February 2. The what, why and how of reflective practice in teacher education. Keynote address presented to Education Faculty staff, Auckland College of Education, New Zealand.

    St. Amant, K. 2003. Expanding internships to enhance academic-industry relations: A perspective in stakeholder education. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 33(3), 231-241.

    Yost, D.S., Sentner, S.M., and Forlenza-Bailey, A. F. 2000. An examination of the construct of critical reflection: Implications for teacher education programming in the 21st century. Journal of Teacher Education, 5(1), 39-49.


    This page titled 1.13: Notes is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by William R. Thibodeaux and Jean-Pierre Daigle via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.