1.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 45532
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Agile methodology
- framework used to guide project management, primarily by dividing projects into phases, or sprints
- American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS)
- global organization that provides training and certification to help professionals in IS and other technological industries provide security for people, property, and information
- application control
- control that is built into a system and includes features such as firewalls, encryption, and access control
- application software
- program that enables computers to perform specific tasks
- business analysis
- understanding what a business needs to avoid or solve a problem or to take advantage of an opportunity
- competency
- ability to apply specific skills, experience, and personal skills to do a job in an effective and efficient manner
- competency model
- framework that identifies the competencies required for employees to effectively perform their job
- control
- policy or procedure that ensures an information system functions effectively, efficiently, and securely
- Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT)
- framework that develops and maintains an information system using five processes: Evaluate, Direct, and Monitor (EDM); Align, Plan, and Organize (APO); Build, Acquire, and Implement (BAI); Deliver, Service, and Support (DSS); and Monitor, Evaluate, and Assess (MEA)
- data
- raw facts and figures that are processed and turned into meaningful information
- data capture
- process of gathering data from various sources, such as customers and financial records, and inputting this data into an information system
- data dissemination
- process of distributing and sharing information, such as reports, videos, photographs, and other information system outputs
- data processing
- using calculations, manipulations, and analysis to transform data into useful information
- data storage
- process of maintaining the data and information of a system in a location that is secure, reliable, and accessible to authorized users
- decision support system (DSS)
- system that assists in decision-making by providing interactive tools and access to data analysis
- digital media
- content developed, stored, and distributed via mobile devices—such as news stories, blogs, videos, and online games—as well as the hardware—flash drives, DVDs, and digital computers—used to store and share this media
- enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
- type of information system used by everyone in an organization to integrate various business processes and functions across an organization such as human resource management and inventory control
- enterprise system
- software package an organization uses to automate and coordinate operations, solve the organization’s problems, and monitor organizational performance
- environment
- factors such as physical location and network capabilities that affect an information system and help determine how it operates
- executive information system (EIS)
- (also, strategic information system, or SIS) system that supports the strategic information needs of top executives
- Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA)
- sets guidelines and standards for security that organizations are required to meet to minimize the possibility that data will be stolen, lost, or misused
- feedback
- information that users provide to managers about an information system’s functionality
- field of information systems (IS)
- dynamic industry, evolving and depending on technological advancements, that intersects with business, computer science, and management, playing a critical role in enhancing organizational efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness
- framework
- structured set of guidelines and best practices that is used to guide the process of developing, implementing, managing, or maintaining a business process, policy, system, or procedure
- general control
- process that outlines how an information system is to be used and includes requirements such as routine password updates
- global innovation
- processes used to collaborate across international borders in designing and developing new goods and services for the global marketplace
- globalization
- process of businesses and other organizations interacting on a global scale
- hardware
- physical devices such as computers, servers, networks, and storage devices that are used to collect, process, and store data
- industry standard
- policy, procedure, or requirement widely used and supported in an industry to promote efficiency and quality in goods and services
- information
- raw data that have been processed and manipulated to give context and meaning
- information system
- set of interconnected components that integrate the collection, processing, storage, and distribution of data, information, and digital products
- information technology
- field that reviews how computers and other technology can be used to process, store, retrieve, and share information
- Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
- comprehensive framework of documentation that discusses best practices for managing information technology
- input
- data that are collected and entered into the system by users or automatically when transactions occur
- IS2020
- competency model that provides guidance and standards that undergraduate IS programs should meet to ensure students are prepared for careers in IS
- ISO/IEC 27001
- worldwide standard established by the International Organization for Standardization that defines the requirements information systems must satisfy to provide adequate security for any system
- management information system (MIS)
- system that provides middle managers with reports and summaries to support decision-making
- McKinsey 7-S Framework
- focuses on how an organization can be efficient and effective with interaction and coordination of its staff, structure, strategy, skills, systems, style, and shared values
- operating system (OS)
- functions as a computer’s manager by operating a computer’s memory and other hardware resources such as disk storage; provides the interface that users need to work with a computer and manages a computer’s application software programs
- output
- data or information that a system generates and provides to users
- procedure
- set of instructions and rules that governs the use of the hardware, software, and data components in information systems
- processing
- performance of tasks in order to make data useful in a system
- qualitative data
- nonnumerical information
- quantitative data
- numerical information
- Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA)
- provides a comprehensive skills and competency framework in a common language for the IT industry
- social media
- any type of electronic communication tool that enables users to establish online communities where they share content, including personal messages, ideas, photographs, and videos
- software
- programs and applications that run on computer hardware, enabling users to perform specific tasks
- The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
- standard that promotes best practices for information systems and other technology
- transaction processing system (TPS)
- system that handles day-to-day transactions such as order processing and payroll
- Waterfall
- structured, linear framework used to guide project management
- Zachman Framework
- provides a structure for developing and organizing the artifacts of enterprise architecture, including data and documents