12.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 45640
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- adversarial debiasing
- process to ensure AI is not biased by training examples
- Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
- trade agreement setting intellectual property rights standards for member nations
- copyright law
- legal protection granted to authors of original creative works, giving them exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, publicly display/perform, and make derivative works for a limited time
- corporate social responsibility (CSR)
- inherent recognition of the ethical relationship between a corporation and the larger social and environmental system that it inhabits
- dark patterns
- deceptive interfaces that nudge users toward harmful actions, such as buying overpriced products
- data collaboration
- process of pooling data from multiple sources
- de-identification
- technique for removing or obscuring personal identifiers in data to protect privacy while maintaining analytic utility
- deontology
- normative ethical theory that focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the consequences of those actions; follows the premise of the Golden Rule
- DIKW pyramid
- hierarchy used in information management and knowledge creation that represents an approach focused on the distinction between disparate elements; the base of the hierarchy is data, moving up through information and knowledge to its top point of wisdom
- ethical consumption
- being aware of the impact of consumption and making choices that prioritize longevity, repairability, and efficiency
- ethics
- values and principles that guide life decisions and experiences
- explainability
- ability to explain the rationale behind algorithmic predictions or automated decisions in intelligible ways to human users
- fair use
- legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s permission for purposes such as education or news reporting
- Green IS
- information systems practices designed to minimize ecological impacts through energy efficiency, renewable resourcing, and responsible waste disposal
- human control
- maintaining meaningful human oversight and authority over AI systems rather than allowing fully autonomous operation; this is especially critical for high-stakes functions
- human-in-the-loop system
- system that involves human contributions and feedback when interacting with AI
- intellectual property law
- area of law concerned with ideas, including technological concepts; it covers trademarks, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights
- interoperability
- ability of computer systems and software to exchange and make use of information through standardized formats and communication protocols
- Lean IS
- information systems practices focused on eliminating redundancies and waste to optimize system efficiency and productivity
- minority oversampling
- ensures balanced classes and sample sizes for AI training
- multistakeholder collaboration
- process of varied stakeholders working together to achieve common goals
- open-source
- in computing, the source code of a program open to everyone rather than being restricted via copyright
- patent law
- legal protection granted for a limited time to inventors of new, useful, and nonobvious products or processes, giving them rights to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention
- patient agency
- individual’s right to access their health records, direct how their data are used, and be informed of data-sharing practices under clear consent protocols
- patient privacy
- freedom from unauthorized access to and use of one’s personal health information; a right protected through data security and governance policies
- sustainability
- long-term viability of systems, considering their environmental, economic, and social impacts
- sustainable consumption and production (SCP)
- using and producing goods and services in a way that has the least negative impact on the environment
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- set of seventeen interconnected objectives established by the United Nations in 2015 to address global challenges and ensure a more sustainable future for humanity
- Sustainable IS
- holistic approach that considers the long-term impacts and viability of information systems, focusing on environmental, economic, and social implications
- sustainable supply chain management (SSCM)
- approach that seeks to infuse sustainability principles into the supply chain process
- systems thinking
- perspective emphasizing the interconnectedness of components within a whole, suggesting that the overall behavior of a system results from these interactions
- trade dress
- unique visual appearance of a product or its packaging
- trade secret law
- business information that derives value from being kept confidential, is subject to reasonable efforts to maintain secrecy, and gives a competitive advantage
- trademark law
- word, phrase, symbol, design, or combination thereof that identifies the source of a good or service and distinguishes it from others
- utilitarianism
- normative ethical theory holding that the morally correct course of action is the one that maximizes utility and happiness for the greatest number of people
- values alignment
- using a shared set of values and goals approved by stakeholders to guide policies and procedures, such as AI development
- virtue ethics
- normative ethical approach emphasizing the embodiment of virtues and ideals as the path toward an ethical, flourishing life
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- UN agency that promotes IP protection and cooperation between nations to foster innovation and creativity