1: Chapters

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Ric Costin
Linn-Benton Community College via OpenOregon

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1.1: The Language of Lines
It would be almost impossible for an engineer, designer, or architect to describe in words the shape, size, and relationship of a complex object. Therefore, drawings have become the universal language used by engineers, designers, technicians, as well as craftsmen, to communicate the Information necessary to build, assemble and service the products of industry.
1.2: Visualization
Now that you have learned about the kinds of lines found on prints, the next step is to develop your visualization abilities. The ability to ”see” technical drawings; that is to ”think in three dimensions,” is the most important part of this course. Since most engineering and architectural prints utilize some form of orthographic projection (multi-view drawing), that type of drawing will be emphasized.
1.3: Technical Sketching
On many occasions in your work it will most likely be necessary for you to make a sketch. Perhaps your boss can’t visualize a particular problem without one, or you find it’s necessary to make a dimensioned sketch to show an apprentice how to complete a job. In any case knowing how to sketch can make you more effective, and therefore more valuable, as a tradesperson.
1.4: Scaling
The ability to make accurate measurements is a basic skill needed by everyone who reads and uses blueprints. This section is intended as a review of the fundamental principles of measurement. Since some students have had little need to measure accurately, these exercises will provide the practice they need. Others, who have had more experience, may find these exercises a worthwhile review.
1.5: Dimensioning
If a drawing is to be complete, so that the object represented by the drawing can be made as intended by the designer, it must tell two complete stories. It tells this with views, which describe the shape of the object, and with dimensions and notes, which gives sizes and other information needed to make the object.
1.6: Auxiliary Views
When an object has a slanted or inclined surface, it usually is not possible to show the inclined surface in an orthographic drawing without distortion. To present a more accurate description of any inclined surface, an additional view, known as an auxiliary view, is usually required.
1.7: Sectional Views
You have learned that when making a multiview sketch, hidden edges and surfaces are usually shown with hidden (dash) lines. When an object becomes more complex, as in the case of an automobile engine block, a clearer presentation of the interior can be made by sketching the object as it would look if it were cut apart. In that way, the many hidden lines on the sketch are eliminated.
1.8: Machined Features
The machined features in this section are common terms related to basic industry processes. These terms are often found on prints. For a better understanding of these processes, look at the models of machined features in the Print Reading Lab.
1.9: Print Interpretation
This final section introduces basic print reading. Because machine drawings are used to some extent in nearly every trade, the working drawings used in this section are all machine drawings. The purpose of this package is to provide an opportunity to put your fundamental knowledge of print reading to use before you go on to more specialized and advanced print reading activities.