5.5: Planning Tools and Instructional Models for Technology Integration
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- 27232
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Explore planning tools and frameworks for technology integration (e.g., RAT, TPACK, SAMR).
- Explore instructional models and strategies that incorporate technology effectively (e.g., blended learning, flipped classroom).
In this section, we'll explore some essential planning tools and instructional models that can help educators effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.
Planning Tools for Technology Integration
When it comes to incorporating technology into your teaching, it's essential to have the right planning tools at your disposal. Let's take a closer look at some valuable frameworks:
RAT Model (Replacement, Amplification, Transformation)
In the realm of technology integration, the RAT model provides educators with a valuable framework for evaluating how technology is integrated into their teaching practices. RAT stands for Replacement, Amplification, and Transformation, and each of these stages represents a different level of technology integration.
The RAT model helps you assess how technology is used in your lessons. It offers three levels of integration:
- Replacement: Technology substitutes traditional methods without significant change. For example, using a word processor instead of a paper and pencil for writing assignments. In the RAT model's Replacement level, technology simply replaces old methods without changing how teaching and learning happen. For example, students might use word processing software like Microsoft Word instead of writing by hand, which makes writing easier but doesn't change the way they learn.
- Amplification: Technology enhances the learning experience but doesn't fundamentally change it. This might involve using educational apps to reinforce math concepts. At the Amplification stage, technology enhances education, making it more efficient. Teachers might use educational apps in their lessons for extra practice or to explain concepts. These apps, like one offering interactive math problems, help students by giving instant feedback and allowing them to learn at their own pace.
- Transformation: Technology completely transforms the learning process, enabling new ways of teaching and learning. For instance, virtual reality simulations that immerse students in historical events. At the Transformation level, the highest in the RAT model, technology completely changes teaching and learning. It allows for new, creative ways to teach. For example, in a history class, students might use virtual reality to experience historical events, making history more engaging and memorable. This use of technology is a big shift from traditional teaching methods.
Watch this short video on the RAT Model to learn more.
The RAT Model. [Video: 2:02 minutes. Closed Captioned.]
TPACK Framework (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge)
The TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model is a framework that helps teachers integrate technology into their instruction by considering the intersection of three types of knowledge: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technological knowledge. The TPACK model encourages teachers to think about how technology can be used to enhance their teaching and improve student learning. The TPACK framework helps educators find the sweet spot where these three knowledge domains overlap, leading to effective technology integration.
TPACK considers the intersection of three crucial types of knowledge:
- Technological Knowledge: Understanding how to use technology effectively.
- Pedagogical Knowledge: Knowing how to teach in a way that engages students.
- Content Knowledge: Mastery of the subject matter you're teaching.
Watch this 2 minute video on TPACK:
TPACK in 2 minutes. [Video: 1:58 minutes. Closed Captioned.]
- Technological Knowledge: This involves understanding and effectively using technology. It includes proficiency in digital tools and adapting to new technologies. In TPACK, educators need to be comfortable with software and hardware relevant to their field. For example, a biology teacher might need to use data analysis software for environmental studies.
- Pedagogical Knowledge: This is about effective teaching methods, including educational theories, teaching strategies, and classroom management. In TPACK, it's about using these methods alongside technology to meet learning objectives. For instance, a history teacher might use online forums for engaging students in historical debates.
- Content Knowledge: This is about having a deep understanding of the subject matter. In the TPACK framework, educators need extensive knowledge in their subject to effectively integrate technology into teaching. An example is an art teacher using digital resources to complement their curriculum.
For more information on the TPACK model, visit: TPACK: Using the technological pedagogical content knowledge framework in classrooms.
SAMR Model (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition)
The SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) model is a framework that helps educators assess and evaluate the technology they use in their classroom. The model encourages teachers to move beyond simply substituting technology for traditional teaching methods and instead focus on how technology can transform learning experiences. The SAMR model classifies technology integration into four levels:
- Substitution: Technology is used as a direct substitute for traditional methods.
- Augmentation: Technology offers some improvements to traditional methods.
- Modification: Technology allows for significant redesign of tasks, leading to more active learning.
- Redefinition: Technology enables entirely new tasks and learning experiences that were previously inconceivable.
Watch this 2 minute video on SAMR for more information.
The SAMR Model. [Video: 2:11 minutes. Closed Captioned.]
For more information on the SAMR model, visit The SAMR Model Explained.
Best, J. (2022, September 21). The SAMR model explained (with 15 practical examples). 3P Learning.
Geoffrey, J. (2107). The RAT Model. Youtube.
Pappas, C. (2023, May 2). TPACK
Read, M. (2022). RAT. EdTechnica.
Spencer, J. (2015). The SAMR Model. Youtube.